DRUM - Digital Repository at the University of Maryland

DRUM collects, preserves, and provides public access to the scholarly output of the university. Faculty and researchers can upload research products for rapid dissemination, global visibility and impact, and long-term preservation.

 
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Submit to DRUM

To submit an item to DRUM, login using your UMD credentials. Then select the "Submit Item to DRUM" link in the navigation bar. View DRUM policies and submission guidelines.
Equitable Access Policy

Equitable Access Policy

The University of Maryland Equitable Access Policy provides equitable, open access to the University's research and scholarship. Faculty can learn more about what is covered by the policy and how to deposit on the policy website.
Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations

DRUM includes all UMD theses and dissertations from 2003 forward.

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Recent Submissions

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Regulating Artificial Intelligence: A National Survey of Registered Voters
(2024-03-29) Kull, Steven; Fehsenfeld, Evan; Lewitus, Evan Charles
As the House’s new Task Force on Artificial Intelligence considers how government should address AI issues, such as deepfakes in the election and bias in algorithms, a new survey finds very large bipartisan majorities favor giving the federal government broad powers to regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI). They endorse seven proposals currently under consideration in Congress and the Executive Branch for regulating AI-generated deepfakes and AI making decisions with the potential for harm. Internationally, as the United Nations agrees on a US-led resolution to ensure AI does not violate human rights, voters favor the US working to establish an international agency to regulate large-scale AI projects, and create an international treaty prohibiting AI-controlled weapons.
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Active Seismic Exploration of Planetary Subsurfaces via Compressive Sensing
(2025) Wang, Jingchuan; Schmerr, Nicholas; Lekic, Vedran
The software supports the following study: We present a method for improving seismic data collection on planetary surfaces such as the Moon and Mars. This approach is based on recent advances in compressive sensing technology to reduce the number of data collection points required compared to conventional methods without sacrificing the quality of the resulting subsurface images. We demonstrate its effectiveness using both synthetic and field data from locations with similarities to planetary surface environments. The method is then applied to reanalyze seismic data collected by the crew of the Apollo 14 and 16 missions. Our study has implications for mission planning, as this method can make space missions more efficient by reducing the equipment and time to collect geophysical data on planetary surfaces. It also makes it possible to reconstruct missing or damaged data, improving the quality of imagery and enhancing our understanding of the interior of other worlds.
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CONSTRUYENDO GUATEMALA Tradition & Technology: Living in a 21st Century Latin American City
(2024) Velasquez, Deisy Noemi; Bell, Matthew MB; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
In Guatemala, 21.5% of the population is living in extreme poverty. Poverty is a leading factor in poor-conditioned housing and a high percentage of children not attending primary school. This thesis focuses on constructing communities in Guatemala using innovative solutions and sustainable materials. Mass timber construction is an energy-efficient alternative material that is changing the built environment due to its sustainability, biophilic design, construction process, and economic development. This thesis focuses on exploring timber technology in an earthquake-prone region by learning, understanding, and embracing place with new technology that can sustain the future.
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Sustainable Living: Integrating Climate Adaptation in Bangkok's Informal Settlements
(2024) Pipatpongsa, Ploy; Kim, Taejun; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
This thesis intends to demonstrate how the largest urban vulnerable communities in Thailand, using the case of At Narong in Khlong Toei, an informal settlement of over 30,000 residents who rent lands adjacent to the Port Authority of Thailand (PAT) in Bangkok. The PAT plans to evict the slum dwellers and develop the land, posing a severe threat to their lives and livelihoods. The thesis a multifaceted design framework that leverages social assets to enhance community resilience and inclusivity, particularly among vulnerable populations. The site location in PAT presents an opportunity to relocate informal settlements in the Lock 1-2-3 and 70 Rai communities, proposing multipurpose wetlands that serve as flood control, recreation areas and a market plaza that encourage social interaction and community cohesion.
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TREE GENETICS AND GREENSPACE MANAGEMENT INTENSITY INFLUENCE URBAN TREE INSECT COMMUNITIES, DAMAGE, AND FOLIAR TRAITS
(2024) Perry, Eva Emma; Burghardt, Karin T; Entomology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
Trees are essential to well-functioning urban systems, providing services that benefit humans and wildlife. For example, arthropods that use trees in cities perform key roles in the urban food web as both prey and predators, but they can also be vulnerable to environmental stressors associated with cities. Previous work documents broad patterns in arthropod communities associated with management practice gradients in urban areas. How these patterns relate to changes in tree genetic background across management types remains a largely unexplored topic. To disentangle the genetic and management associated effects on arboreal insect abundance, communities, and foliar damage, I repeatedly sampled trees of known genetic relatedness for two commonly planted tree species: Acer rubrum (n = 65), and its non-native congener Acer platanoides (n = 71), in June and August of 2023 and 2024. I systematically selected about 3 individual trees growing in four human management intensity categories (street trees, parks and residential yards, urban forest patches, or rural forests) for each of 5 genetic lineages per tree species. I used vacuum sampling to collect mobile arthropods from the lower canopy of each focal tree in June and August of 2023 and 2024, and identified samples to order. I also assessed insect and systemic foliar damage, gall abundance, and select physiological traits in August 2024. I found the general trend of increasing total arthropod abundance with increasing management intensity. However, management effects differed across genetic background with almost ubiquitous interactions between management type and genetic lineage. The most dominant group of insects found on study trees belonged to the order Hemiptera. This group of primarily herbivorous piercing/sucking insects were the primary drivers of these overarching abundance patterns. Spiders, which were the most abundant primarily predatory arthropod order, exhibited the opposite pattern, increasing in overall abundance in the later season, decreasing with increasing management intensity, and generally not responding to tree genetic lineage. In 2024, increasing management intensity negatively affected cumulative insect herbivore damage and gall abundance, and did not vary by genetic lineage. Gall formers were found only on native Acer rubrum, with no galls sampled from the non-native A. platanoides. In contrast, systemic foliar damage did not change with management, and only varied by tree genetic lineage for Acer platanoides. Foliar photosynthetic traits’ variance by management intensity or tree genetic lineage was species dependent; A. rubrum traits varied by tree genetic lineage, while A. platanoides traits varied by management intensity. Overall, my results suggest that tree genetic background plays an important role in mediating management effects on insect populations, particularly for piercing-sucking herbivorous species, but genetic background’s effect on other metrics such as foliar damage and traits may be species-specific. Further studies should be sure to consider the structure of genetic populations when describing patterns of insect use. Results of this thesis will serve to inform best practices for urban tree management and pest mitigation, as cities work to maintain and increase urban canopy cover.