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Equitable Access Policy

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Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations

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Rent affordability after hurricanes: Longitudinal evidence from US coastal states
(Wiley, 2023-10-04) Best, Kelsea; He, Qian; Reilly, Allison; Tran, Nhi; Niemeier, Deb
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of natural hazards such as hurricanes. With a severe shortage of affordable housing in the United States, renters may be uniquely vulnerable to disaster-related housing disruptions due to increased hazard exposure, physical vulnerability of structures, and socioeconomic disadvantage. In this work, we construct a panel dataset consisting of housing, socioeconomic, and hurricane disaster data from counties in 19 states across the East and Gulf Coasts of the United States from 2009 to 2018 to investigate how the frequency and intensity of a hurricane correspond to changes in median rent and housing affordability (the interaction between rent prices and income) over time. Using a two-stage least square random-effects regression model, we find that more intense prior-year hurricanes correspond to increases in median rents via declines in housing availability. The relationship between hurricanes and rent affordability is more complex, though the occurrence of a hurricane in a given year or the previous year reduces affordable rental housing, especially for counties with higher percentages of renters and people of color. Our results highlight the multiple challenges that renters are likely to face following a hurricane, and we emphasize that disaster recovery in short- and medium-term should focus on providing safe, stable, and affordable rental housing assistance.
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Tableau formulas for skew Schubert polynomials
(Wiley, 2023-03-24) Tamvakis, Harry
The skew Schubert polynomials are those that are indexed by skew elements of the Weyl group, in the sense of Tamvakis [J. reine angew. Math. 652 (2011), 207–244]. We obtain tableau formulas for the double versions of these polynomials in all four classical Lie types, where the tableaux used are fillings of the associated skew Young diagram. These are the first such theorems for symplectic and orthogonal Schubert polynomials, even in the single case. We also deduce tableau formulas for double Schur, double theta, and double eta polynomials, in their specializations as double Grassmannian Schubert polynomials. The latter results generalize the tableau formulas for symmetric (and single) Schubert polynomials due to Littlewood (in type A) and the author (in types B, C, and D).
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Flood Impacts on Net Ecosystem Exchange in the Midwestern and Southern United States in 2019
(Wiley, 2023-09-06) Balashov, Nikolay V.; Ott, Lesley E.; Weir, Brad; Basu, Sourish; Davis, Kenneth J.; Miles, Natasha L.; Thompson, Anne M.; Stauffer, Ryan M.
Climate extremes such as droughts, floods, heatwaves, frosts, and windstorms add considerable variability to the global year-to-year increase in atmospheric CO2 through their influence on terrestrial ecosystems. While the impact of droughts on terrestrial ecosystems has received considerable attention, the response to flooding is not well understood. To improve upon this knowledge, the impact of the 2019 anomalously wet conditions over the Midwest and Southern US on CO2 vegetation fluxes is examined in the context of 2017–2018 when such precipitation anomalies were not observed. CO2 is simulated with NASA's Global Earth Observing System (GEOS) combined with the Low-order Flux Inversion, where fluxes of CO2 are estimated using a suite of remote sensing measurements including greenness, night lights, and fire radiative power as well as with a bias correction based on insitu observations. Net ecosystem exchange CO2 tracers are separated into the three regions covering the Midwest, South, and Eastern Texas and adjusted to match CO2 observations from towers located in Iowa, Mississippi, and Texas. Results indicate that for the Midwestern region consisting primarily of corn and soybeans crops, flooding contributes to a 15%–25% reduction of annual net carbon uptake in 2019 in comparison to 2017 and 2018. These results are supported by independent reports of changes in agricultural activity. For the Southern region, comprised mainly of non-crop vegetation, annual net carbon uptake is enhanced in 2019 by about 10%–20% in comparison to 2017 and 2018. These outcomes show the heterogeneity in effects that excess wetness can bring to diverse ecosystems.
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Structural barriers explain the link between negative community re-entry experiences and motives for illegal behavior in street-identified Black men and women
(Wiley, 2023-10-17) Bounoua, Nadia; Sadeh, Naomi; Payne, Yasser A.; Hitchens, Brooklynn K.
This study examines how the re-entry process is related to structural barriers in the community and to motives for engaging in illegal behavior—two key risk factors for recidivism. We analyzed survey data collected on perceptions of community re-entry, employment opportunities, neighborhood violence, and illegal behavior motives from 379 formerly incarcerated and street-identified Black-American community members residing in Wilmington, Delaware (Mage = 32.3/8.9 years old; 77.0% men; 100% Black) by employing Street Participatory Action Research (Street PAR) methodology. We found that negative perceptions of re-entry correlated positively with (i) hardship caused by structural barriers in the community, specifically blocked employment opportunities and neighborhood violence, and (ii) motives for engaging in illegal behavior. Notably, the link between negative perceptions of re-entry and motives for illegal behavior became significantly weaker when the influence of structural barriers on these individual-level factors was included in a multivariate model. Results suggest negative views of the re-entry process reflect the resource-scarce and stressful environments people are living in, and structural barriers can account for the relationship between negative re-entry experiences and why individuals are motivated to engage in illegal behavior. Findings underscore the importance of improving the economic conditions of communities with high numbers of returning citizens.
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The Social Movement Social Club: How Activists Form Tiny Publics
(Wiley, 2023-10-02) Johnson, J. L.
Before sociology, I aspired to be a good writer. Those like me will love Gary Alan Fine's prologue to his new ethnography, in which he draws a movingly adventurous scene of elderly Chicagoans questing to Wisconsin through a snowstorm in 2016. Using canes and walkers, these senior activists arrive and march through snow, protesting right-wing threats to social security emanating from then-Speaker of the House Paul Ryan's offices in Racine. The vividity with which Fine narratively weaves together his fieldnotes makes an implicit argument, certainly against ageism, but also for the importance of the craft of writing in sociology. Fine illustrates the angst and agency of his septa-, octo-, and a few nonagenarian subjects. Elderly progressives will require bathroom breaks, but they can fire up much like the young folk that occupied our screens during The Resistance. “Senior protest can smell like teen spirit (p. 5),” quips Fine, signposting the book's puzzle: How do the limits and possibilities of senior activism reveal the everyday particularities, promises, and limitations of attempting to make social change?