California Mission Bell Markers: A Study of Heritage and Culture

Abstract

Abstract Mission bell markers line the El Camino Real Highway, which is referred to as the 101 Freeway in contemporary times. Mission bell markers can also be found in public spaces throughout California. These mission bell markers were installed beginning in the early 20th century. To many, these mission bell markers hold a variety of symbolic representations. For some people, these mission bell markers are a symbol of their culture and heritage, while many others view these bells as an oppressive instrument of colonialism. Most of the California missions put forth a narrative of benevolence and a skewed view of history. This narrative glorifies and celebrates Spanish occupation and colonization while distorting California Indian culture and identity. The significance of this work brings awareness to the myth of the mission. The myth of the mission is one of a complex romanticized history that capitalizes on tourism and perpetuates the dominance and erasure of California Indigenous peoples. This thesis was also written to bring awareness to the California 4th grade mission curriculum that is put forth by the state of California in most public schools. This curriculum teaches a fabricated narrative of Spanish and California Indian relations. This curriculum, like the California mission’s narrative, perpetuates the myth of California Indian extinction. The 4th grade mission curriculum needs to be thoughtfully and respectfully revised. To explore the symbolism that mission bell markers hold to different individuals two surveys, an anonymous survey and a three-question survey were conducted. The results of these two surveys shed light on how certain groups of people and different individuals feel about mission bell markers that are found throughout the California landscape. Heritage is complicated and complex. There are different conceptions of mission bell markers that exist within different descendant communities and the public. These symbols hold different meanings to different people. How can highly charged perspectives of the California mission bell markers held among Indigenous and Californio descendant groups be reconciled in public heritage?