Nano-engineering and Simulating Electrostatic Capacitors for Electrical Energy Storage

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dc.contributor.advisorRubloff, Gary Wen_US
dc.contributor.authorHaspert, Laurenen_US
dc.contributor.departmentMaterial Science and Engineeringen_US
dc.contributor.publisherDigital Repository at the University of Marylanden_US
dc.contributor.publisherUniversity of Maryland (College Park, Md.)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2013-04-04T05:39:36Z
dc.date.available2013-04-04T05:39:36Z
dc.date.issued2012en_US
dc.description.abstractElectrical energy storage solutions with significantly higher gravimetric and volumetric energy densities and rapid response rates are needed to balance the highly dynamic, time-variant supply and demand for power. Nanoengineering can provide useful structures for electrical energy storage because it offers the potential to increase efficiency, reduce size/weight, and improve performance. While several nanostructured devices have shown improvements in energy and/or power densities, this dissertation focuses on the nanoengineering of electrostatic capacitors (ESC) and application of these high-power electrostatic capacitors in electrical energy storage systems. A porous nano-template with significant area enhancement per planar unit area coated with ultra-thin metal-insulator-metal (MIM) layers has shown significant improvements in areal capacitance. However, sharp asperities inherent to the initial nano-template localized electric fields and caused premature (low field) breakdown, limiting the possible energy density (E = ½ CV<super>2</super>/m). A nanoengineering strategy was identified for rounding the template asperities, and this showed a significant increase in the electrical breakdown strength of the device, providing rapid charging and discharging and an energy density of 1.5 W-h/kg - which compares favorably with the best state-of-the-art devices that provide 0.7 W-h/kg. The combination of the high-power ESC with a complementary high-energy-density electrochemical capacitor (ECC) was modeled to evaluate methods resulting in the combined power-energy storage capabilities. While significant improvements in the ESC's energy density were reported, the nanodevices display nonlinear leakage resistance, which directly relates to charge retention. The ECC has distinctly different nonlinearities, but can retain a greater density of charge for significantly longer, albeit with slower inherent charging and discharging rates than the ESC. The experimentally derived dynamic model simulating the nonlinear performance of the ESC and ECC devices indicated this hybrid-circuit reduces the time required to charge the ECC to near-maximum capacity by a factor of up to ~ 12.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/13823
dc.subject.pqcontrolledNanotechnologyen_US
dc.subject.pqcontrolledEnergyen_US
dc.subject.pqcontrolledEngineeringen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledanodic aluminum oxide (AAO)en_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledatomic layer deposition (ALD)en_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledMatLab/Simulinken_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledmetal-insulator-metal capacitoren_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledmodel simulationen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrollednanoengineeringen_US
dc.titleNano-engineering and Simulating Electrostatic Capacitors for Electrical Energy Storageen_US
dc.typeDissertationen_US

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