Approaching the Maximum Energy Saving on Embedded Systems with Multiple Voltages
Approaching the Maximum Energy Saving on Embedded Systems with Multiple Voltages
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Date
2003-11
Authors
Hua, Shaoxiong
Qu, Gang
Advisor
Citation
S. Hua and G. Qu. "Approaching the Maximum Energy Saving on Embedded Systems with Multiply Voltages," IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD'03), pp. 26-29, November 2003.
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Abstract
Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is arguably the most effective
energy reduction technique. The multiple-voltage DVS systems,
which can operate only at pre-determined discrete voltages, are
practical and have been well studied. However, one important
unsolved problem is how many levels and at which values should
voltages be implemented on a multiple-voltage DVS system to
achieve the maximum energy saving. We refer this as the voltage
set-up problem. In this paper, (1) we derive analytical solutions
for dual-voltage system. (2) For the general case that does not
have analytic solutions, we develop efficient numerical methods.
(3) We demonstrate how to apply the proposed algorithms on
system design. (4) Interestingly, the experimental results suggest
that the multiple-voltage DVS system, when the voltages are set
up properly, can reach DVS technique’s full potential in energy
saving. Specifically, on the design of an ad hoc application specific
system and the design of the MPEG video encoder, we
find that the best single-voltage systems consume 150% and 20%
more energy than the tight theoretical lower bounds, respectively.
However, our approach gives dual-, 3-, and 4-voltage DVS system
settings that are only 17.6%, 4.9%, and 2.6% for the ad hoc
system, and 4.0%, 1.1%, and 0.2% for the MPEG video encoder,
over the same lower bounds.