Nutrition & Food Science Research Works

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/1604

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Start date: 2020

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 26
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    Experimental data for Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid in reducing cross‐contamination during washing of baby spinach at different water quality levels
    (2025-01-06) Gao, Zhujun; Tikekar, Rohan V.
    This is the dataset for manuscript titled Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid in reducing cross‐contamination during washing of baby spinach at different water quality levels that has the DOI of https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.17657
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    The effect of emulsifier type and oil inclusion on stress-related gene expression of Salmonella typhimurium in oil-in-water emulsion
    (Wiley, 2024-01-15) Tsai, Shawn; Tikekar, Rohan V.
    Salmonella has been associated with numerous outbreaks from contaminated food products, including emulsions. Emulsions are influenced by emulsifier type and oil presence, which can have varying degrees of stress or protection on bacteria. Although our previous research has shown that emulsifier solutions, rather than emulsions, provide a protective effect on Salmonella typhimurium after thermal treatment, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study selected S. typhimurium as the model microorganism and utilized the same emulsifiers (Tween 20, Tween 80, Triton X-100) to create emulsifier solutions and emulsions with the same oil fraction (60% (v/v)) to examine their effect on the expression of nine selected genes (rpoE, rpoH, otsB, proV, fadA, fabA, dnaK, ibpA, ompC) associated with stress response. Specifically, the study observed variations in gene expression under normal and thermal stress at 55°C. After 20-h incubation, Triton X-100 emulsion caused an upregulation of stress-related genes, rpoE, otsB, and fabA, suggesting stressful environment. After thermal treatment, S. typhimurium in Triton X-100 solution showed a longer 5-log reduction time with increased proV and decreased fabA and ompC expression, suggesting enhanced thermal protection compared to its emulsion. Conversely, Tween 80 solution increased fabA and ompC expression, indicating greater membrane fluidity and passive diffusion, potentially reducing thermal resistance. However, according to the upregulation of ibpA, this effect was likely mitigated by the overproduction of heat shock proteins. Notably, Triton X-100 environments exhibited the most significant gene expression changes after heat treatment, whereas Tween 80 without oil was the most inhospitable for bacterial survival. These findings inform bacterial responses under various conditions, aiding food safety strategies.
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    Fermenting kale (Brassica oleracea L.) enhances its functional food properties by increasing accessibility of key phytochemicals and reducing antinutritional factors
    (Wiley, 2024-05-06) Subedi, Ujjwol; Raychaudhuri, Samnhita; Fan, Si; Ogedengbe, Opeyemi; Obanda, Diana N.
    The properties of kale as a functional food are well established. We sought to determine how fermentation further enhances these properties. We tested different fermentation conditions: (i) spontaneous fermentation with naturally occurring bacteria, (ii) spontaneous fermentation with 2% salt, (iii) Lactococcus lactis, (iv) Lactobacillus acidophilus, (v) mixture of L. lactis and L. acidophilus, (vi) mixture of L. lactis, L. acidophilus, and Clostridium butyricum. We quantified selected bioactive components using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and antinutritional factors using a gravimetric method and spectrophotometry. We then determined (i) the antioxidant capacity of the vegetable, (ii) anti-inflammation capacity, and (iii) the surface microbiota composition by 16S sequencing. All fermentation methods imparted some benefits. However, fermentation with mixed culture of L. lactis and L. acidophilus was most effective in increasing polyphenols and sulforaphane accessibility, increasing antioxidant activity, and reducing antinutritional factors. Specifically, fermentation with L. lactis and L. acidophilus increased total polyphenols from 8.5 to 10.7 mgGAE/g (milligrams of gallium acid equivalent per gram) and sulforaphane from 960.8 to 1777 μg/g (microgram per gram) but decreased the antinutritional factors oxalate and tannin. Total oxalate was reduced by 49%, while tannin was reduced by 55%–65%. The antioxidant capacity was enhanced but not the anti-inflammation potential. Both unfermented and fermented kale protected equally against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and prevented increases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 messenger RNA (IL-6 mRNA) expression by 84.3%, 62%, 68%, and 85.5%, respectively. Unfermented and naturally fermented kale had high proportions of sulfur reducing Desulfubrio and Proteobacteria usually associated with inflammation. Fermenting with L. lactis and/or L. acidophilus changed the bacterial proportions, reducing the Proteobacteria while increasing the genera Lactobacilli and Lactococcus. In summary, fermentation enhances the well-known beneficial impacts of kale. Fermentation with mixed cultures of L. lactis and L. acidophilus imparts higher benefits compared to the single cultures or fermentation with native bacteria present in the vegetable.
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    The effect of emulsifier type and oil fraction on Salmonella Typhimurium growth and thermal inactivation in oil-in-water emulsion
    (Wiley, 2023-10-13) Tikekar, Rohan V.; Tsai, Shawn
    High water activity oil-in-water emulsions can promote survival and growth of Salmonella Typhimurium. Nevertheless, the precise effect of emulsifier type and oil content on bacterial growth and inactivation is not fully understood. Here, emulsions were prepared using different emulsifiers (Tween 20, Tween 80, and Triton X-100) and different oil fractions (20%, 40%, and 60% (v/v)). TSB (control), emulsifier solutions, and emulsions were inoculated with S. Typhimurium. Bacterial growth rate was measured at 7, 22, and 37°C, whereas thermal inactivation was performed at 55°C. Growth and inactivation data was fitted into Logistic and Weibull models, respectively. At an incubation temperature of 37°C, the presence of high amount of oil (60%) in Tween 20 and Triton X stabilized emulsions extended the lag phase (5.83 ± 2.20 and 9.43 ± 1.07 h, respectively, compared to 2.28 ± 1.54 h for TSB, p < 0.05), whereas individual emulsifiers had no effect on growth behavior compared to TSB. This effect was also prevalent but attenuated at 22°C, whereas no growth was observed at 7°C. In thermal inactivation, we observed protective effect in Tween 80 and Triton X-100 solutions, where time required for five-log reduction was 1914.70 ± 706.35 min and 795.34 ± 420.09 min, respectively, compared to 203.89 ± 10.18 min for TSB (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the presence of high amount of oil did not offer protective effect during thermal inactivation. We hypothesize that oleic acid in Tween 80 and lower hydrophobicity value of Triton X-100 help maintain membrane integrity and improve the resistance of bacteria to heat inactivation.
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    Experimental data for Development and evaluation of a modified most probable number (MPN) method for enumerating rifampicin-resistant Escherichia coli in agricultural, food, and environmental samples
    (2024) Gao, Zhujun; Tikekar, Rohan V.
    This is the dataset for manuscript titled Development and evaluation of a modified most probable number (MPN) method for enumerating rifampicin-resistant Escherichia coli in agricultural, food, and environmental samples that has a DOI of https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13127
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    Urtica dioica Whole Vegetable as a Functional Food Targeting Fat Accumulation and Insulin Resistance-a Preliminary Study in a Mouse Pre-Diabetic Model
    (MDPI, 2020-04-10) Fan, Si; Raychaudhuri, Samnhita; Kraus, Olivia; Shahinozzaman, Md; Lofti, Leila; Obanda, Diana N.
    The shoot of Urtica dioica is used in several cultures as a vegetable or herb. However, not much has been studied about the potential of this plant when consumed as a whole food/vegetable rather than an extract for dietary supplements. In a 12-week dietary intervention study, we tested the effect of U. dioica vegetable on high fat diet induced obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were fed ad libitum with isocaloric diets containing 10% fat or 45% fat with or without U. dioica. The diet supplemented with U. dioica attenuated high fat diet induced weight gain (p < 0.005; n = 9), fat accumulation in adipose tissue (p < 0.005; n = 9), and whole-body insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index) (p < 0.001; n = 9). Analysis of gene expression in skeletal muscle showed no effect on the constituents of the insulin signaling pathway (AKT, IRS proteins, PI3K, GLUT4, and insulin receptor). Notable genes that impact lipid or glucose metabolism and whose expression was changed by U. dioica include fasting induced adipocyte factor (FIAF) in adipose and skeletal muscle, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (Ppar-α) and forkhead box protein (FOXO1) in muscle and liver, and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (Cpt1) in liver (p < 0.01). We conclude that U. dioica vegetable protects against diet induced obesity through mechanisms involving lipid accumulation and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.
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    Benchmarking Long-Read Assemblers for Genomic Analyses of Bacterial Pathogens Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing
    (MDPI, 2020-12-01) Chen, Zhao; Erickson, David L.; Meng, Jianghong
    Oxford Nanopore sequencing can be used to achieve complete bacterial genomes. However, the error rates of Oxford Nanopore long reads are greater compared to Illumina short reads. Long-read assemblers using a variety of assembly algorithms have been developed to overcome this deficiency, which have not been benchmarked for genomic analyses of bacterial pathogens using Oxford Nanopore long reads. In this study, long-read assemblers, namely Canu, Flye, Miniasm/Racon, Raven, Redbean, and Shasta, were thus benchmarked using Oxford Nanopore long reads of bacterial pathogens. Ten species were tested for mediocre- and low-quality simulated reads, and 10 species were tested for real reads. Raven was the most robust assembler, obtaining complete and accurate genomes. All Miniasm/Racon and Raven assemblies of mediocre-quality reads provided accurate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, while the Raven assembly of Klebsiella variicola with low-quality reads was the only assembly with an accurate AMR profile among all assemblers and species. All assemblers functioned well for predicting virulence genes using mediocre-quality and real reads, whereas only the Raven assemblies of low-quality reads had accurate numbers of virulence genes. Regarding multilocus sequence typing (MLST), Miniasm/Racon was the most effective assembler for mediocre-quality reads, while only the Raven assemblies of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and K. variicola with low-quality reads showed positive MLST results. Miniasm/Racon and Raven were the best performers for MLST using real reads. The Miniasm/Racon and Raven assemblies showed accurate phylogenetic inference. For the pan-genome analyses, Raven was the strongest assembler for simulated reads, whereas Miniasm/Racon and Raven performed the best for real reads. Overall, the most robust and accurate assembler was Raven, closely followed by Miniasm/Racon.
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    Kale Attenuates Inflammation and Modulates Gut Microbial Composition and Function in C57BL/6J Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity
    (MDPI, 2021-01-24) Shahinozzaman, Md; Raychaudhuri, Samnhita; Fan, Si; Obanda, Diana N.
    Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a vegetable common in most cultures but is less studied as a functional food compared to other cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli. We investigated the effect of supplementing a high-fat diet (HFD) with kale (HFKV) in C57BL/6J mice. We particularly explored its role in metabolic parameters, gut bacterial composition and diversity using 16S rRNA sequencing, systematically compared changes under each phylum and predicted the functional potential of the altered bacterial community using PICRUSt2. Like other cruciferous vegetables, kale attenuated HFD-induced inflammation. In addition, kale modulated HFD-induced changes in cecal microbiota composition. The HFD lowered bacterial diversity, increased the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and altered composition. Specifically, it lowered Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidia, Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae) but increased Firmicutes (mainly class Bacilli). Kale supplementation lowered the F/B ratio, increased both alpha and beta diversity and reduced class Bacilli and Erysipelotrichi but had no effect on Clostridia. Within Actinobacteria, HFKV particularly increased Coriobacteriales/Coriobacteriaceae about four-fold compared to the HFD (p < 0.05). Among Bacteroidia, HFKV increased the species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by over two-fold (p = 0.05) compared to the HFD. This species produces plant polysaccharide digesting enzymes. Compared to the HFD, kale supplementation enhanced several bacterial metabolic functions, including glycan degradation, thiamine metabolism and xenobiotic metabolism. Our findings provide evidence that kale is a functional food that modulates the microbiota and changes in inflammation phenotype.
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    Curcumin-Loaded Pickering Emulsion Formed by Ultrasound and Stabilized by Metal Organic Framework Optimization
    (MDPI, 2021-03-03) Ma, Peihua; Zhang, Zhi; Tsai, Shawn; Zhang, Hongchao; Li, Yuan; Yuan, Fang; Wang, Qin
    The ultrasound-assisted preparation of a curcumin-loaded metal organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH2 stabilized Pickering emulsion system was carried out in this study. A 3-level-4-factor Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) analysis were employed to systematically evaluate the effect of different experimental parameters (i.e., ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, oil content, and MOF content) on curcumin loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The results indicated that ultrasonic power and MOF content significantly affected LC and EE, whereas ultrasonic time and oil content had little effect. A mathematical model for optimizing the preparation of emulsion systems was established. Based on the ridge max analysis, an optimal condition for the newly developed curcumin-loaded MOF-Pickering emulsion was identified, i.e., ultrasonic power 150 W, ultrasonic time 11.17 min, oil content 20.0%, and MOF content 1.10%. At this condition, the LC and EE of curcumin obtained from the experiment reached 7.33% ± 0.54% and 56.18% ± 3.03%, respectively, which were within the prediction range of LC (7.35% ± 0.29%) and EE (54.34% ± 2.45%). The emulsion systems created in this study may find new applications for the delivery of bioactive compounds in food and pharmaceutical areas.
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    Polyphenol Containing Sorghum Brans Exhibit an Anti-Cancer Effect in Apc Min/+ Mice Treated with Dextran Sodium Sulfate
    (MDPI, 2021-08-01) Lee, Seong-Ho; Lee, Hee-Seop; Lee, Jihye; Amarakoon, Darshika; Lou, Zhiyuan; Noronha, Leela E.; Herald, Thomas J.; Perumal, Ramasamy; Smolensky, Dmitriy
    Colon cancer (CC) is considered a high-risk cancer in developed countries. Its etiology is correlated with a high consumption of red meat and low consumption of plant-based foods, including whole grains. Sorghum bran is rich in polyphenols. This study aimed to determine whether different high-phenolic sorghum brans suppress tumor formation in a genetic CC rodent model and elucidate mechanisms. Tissue culture experiments used colorectal cancer cell lines SW480, HCT-116 and Caco-2 and measured protein expression, and protein activity. The animal model used in this study was APC Min+/mouse model combined with dextram sodium sulfate. High phenolic sorghum bran extract treatment resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and induced apoptosis in CC cell lines. Treatment with high phenolic sorghum bran extracts repressed TNF-α-stimulated NF-κB transactivation and IGF-1-stimulated PI3K/AKT pathway via the downregulation of β-catenin transactivation. Furthermore, high-phenolic sorghum bran extracts activated AMPK and autophagy. Feeding with high-phenolic sorghum bran for 6 weeks significantly suppressed tumor formation in an APC Min/+ dextran sodium sulfate promoted CC mouse model. Our data demonstrates the potential application of high-phenolic sorghum bran as a functional food for the prevention of CC.