NUTRITIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF STARCH DEGRADABILITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF ORCHARDGRASS SILAGE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS FED TO LACTATING COWS
dc.contributor.advisor | Erdman, Richard | |
dc.contributor.author | Woodward-Greene, Mary Jennifer | |
dc.contributor.department | Animal & Avian Sciences | |
dc.contributor.publisher | University of Maryland, College Park, Md. | |
dc.contributor.publisher | Digital Repository at the University of Maryland | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2010-03-10T18:15:07Z | |
dc.date.available | 2010-03-10T18:15:07Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2003 | |
dc.description.abstract | The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of starch and nitrogen (N) availability on microbial protein production and N efficiency, ruminal N efficiency and ammonia, and to assess forage fertilization and grain selection decisions. Diets were incubated in vitro batch culture, and fed in a 6 x 6 Latin square in vivo digestion trial. Total mixed rations (TMR) contained 50:50 forage:concentrate (dry matter (DM) basis) of second-cutting orchardgrass silage fertilized with 200 (OG200) or 400 (OG400) pounds per acre N, plus concentrate mixes using high to low rumen available starches: barley, corn, and milo. TMR crude protein (CP) was 17% and 18% for in vivo, and 20% and 21% for in vitro OG200 and OG400 diets, respectively. Synchronous diets were low:low or high:high rumen starch availability:diet N (corn or milo withOG200, and barley with OG400). No effects on ruminal microbial protein synthesis and flow, N flow, or milk production were observed. DM, organic matter (OM) (P<0.01), N, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P<0.02) total digestibilities increased with synchronous diets. N digestibility was depressed in diets of low:high rumen starch availability:diet N, due to increased hindgut fermentation adding microbial protein to the feces (P<0.001). All OG400 diets had higher fecal N percentage (P<0.001). OG400 had higher ruminal ammonia both in vitro and in vivo (P<0.05), and higher total in vivo volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (P<0.001), but rumen pH was stable due to increased recycling of urea. Orchardgrass fertilized at high N can be digested as well as lower N fertilized forages when combined with a rapidly available ruminal starch such as barley, and decrease outputs of fecal DM by up to 401.5 and N by nearly 22 kilograms per year per cow. Crop fertilization and grain selection decisions affect forage composition, rumen fermentation, ration digestibility, and fecal DM and N output. | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1903/10046 | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
dc.title | NUTRITIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF STARCH DEGRADABILITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF ORCHARDGRASS SILAGE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS FED TO LACTATING COWS | en_US |
dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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