Use of Modality and Negation in Semantically-Informed Syntactic MT

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dc.contributor.authorBaker, Kathryn
dc.contributor.authorBloodgood, Michael
dc.contributor.authorDorr, Bonnie
dc.contributor.authorCallison-Burch, Chris
dc.contributor.authorFilardo, Nathaniel
dc.contributor.authorPiatko, Christine
dc.contributor.authorLevin, Lori
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Scott
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-22T19:05:19Z
dc.date.available2014-07-22T19:05:19Z
dc.date.issued2012-06-26
dc.description.abstractThis article describes the resource- and system-building efforts of an 8-week Johns Hopkins University Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Summer Camp for Applied Language Exploration (SCALE-2009) on Semantically Informed Machine Translation (SIMT). We describe a new modality/negation (MN) annotation scheme, the creation of a (publicly available) MN lexicon, and two automated MN taggers that we built using the annotation scheme and lexicon. Our annotation scheme isolates three components of modality and negation: a trigger (a word that conveys modality or negation), a target (an action associated with modality or negation), and a holder (an experiencer of modality). We describe how our MN lexicon was semi-automatically produced and we demonstrate that a structure-based MN tagger results in precision around 86% (depending on genre) for tagging of a standard LDC data set. We apply our MN annotation scheme to statistical machine translation using a syntactic framework that supports the inclusion of semantic annotations. Syntactic tags enriched with semantic annotations are assigned to parse trees in the target-language training texts through a process of tree grafting. Although the focus of our work is modality and negation, the tree grafting procedure is general and supports other types of semantic information. We exploit this capability by including named entities, produced by a pre-existing tagger, in addition to the MN elements produced by the taggers described here. The resulting system significantly outperformed a linguistically naive baseline model (Hiero), and reached the highest scores yet reported on the NIST 2009 Urdu–English test set. This finding supports the hypothesis that both syntactic and semantic information can improve translation quality.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported, in part, by the Johns Hopkins Human Language Technology Center of Excellence (HLTCOE), by the National Science Foundation under grant IIS-0713448, and by BBN Technologies under GALE DARPA/IPTO contract no. HR0011-06-C-0022. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKathryn Baker, Michael Bloodgood, Bonnie J. Dorr, Chris Callison-Burch, Nathaniel W. Filardo, Christine Piatko, Lori Levin, and Scott Miller. 2012. Use of modality and negation in semantically-informed syntactic MT. Computational Linguistics, 38(2):411-438.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/15547
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherMIT Pressen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtCenter for Advanced Study of Language
dc.relation.isAvailableAtDigitial Repository at the University of Maryland
dc.relation.isAvailableAtUniversity of Maryland (College Park, Md)
dc.rights.licenseCopyright Association for Computational Linguistics, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/coli
dc.subjectcomputer scienceen_US
dc.subjectartificial intelligenceen_US
dc.subjectstatistical methodsen_US
dc.subjectcomputational linguisticsen_US
dc.subjectnatural language processingen_US
dc.subjecthuman language technologyen_US
dc.subjecttranslation technologyen_US
dc.subjectmachine translationen_US
dc.subjectstatistical machine translationen_US
dc.subjectsemantically-informed machine translationen_US
dc.subjectmodalityen_US
dc.subjectnegationen_US
dc.titleUse of Modality and Negation in Semantically-Informed Syntactic MTen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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