The Relationship of Low Birth Weight and Current Obesity to Diabetes in African-American Women

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dc.contributor.advisorLei, David K. Y.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHarris, B. Michelleen_US
dc.contributor.departmentNutritionen_US
dc.contributor.publisherDigital Repository at the University of Marylanden_US
dc.contributor.publisherUniversity of Maryland (College Park, Md.)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2007-06-22T05:33:33Z
dc.date.available2007-06-22T05:33:33Z
dc.date.issued2007-04-26
dc.description.abstractAims: (1) To test the fetal origins of chronic disease by examining birth weight, current obesity, and odds of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in African-American women 38-57 years. (2) To assess birth weight and obesity in relation to fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Background: African-American women suffer disproportionately in prevalence and complications of T2DM. According to the fetal origins of chronic disease, T2DM is related to low birth weight with subsequent adult obesity. Several studies have substantiated this hypothesis; none have focused on African-American women. Outcome Measure: Self-reported physician diagnosis of T2DM. Exposure Measures: Birth weight, an indicator for fetal growth; waist-to-hip ratio, a marker for abdominal obesity. Other factors: physical activity, body mass index (BMI), history of gestational diabetes, blood pressure. Design: Retrospective, case-control observational study. Method: Convenience sample of urban African-American women. Cases (n=95) reported a physician diagnosis of T2DM. Controls (n=186), matched on race and age, reported no T2DM diagnosis. To verify control status, participants were screened for elevated FPG (cut-point, <126>mg/dL, as defined by the American Diabetes Association). Vital and family records were sources for birth weight. Current weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were measured; BMI and waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. Confounding factors were collected on a 68-item questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis tested the proposed model for the odds of having T2DM. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess FPG. Sample size was estimated. Results: The odds ratio for T2DM increased as waist-to-hip ratio increased (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.08, 1.19, p<.0001). Birth weight did not contribute independently to the model's ability to examine T2DM (OR=0.92, 95% CI=0.74, 1.14, p=.4409). Birth weight and waist-to-hip ratio each contributed independently to assessing FPG. Conclusions: This study found an interaction between birth weight and abdominal obesity when examining T2DM in African-American women: those born small and who subsequently developed abdominal obesity had a greater odds for T2DM. Abdominal obesity, but not birth weight, was independently associated with T2DM. FPG significantly increased with increasing abdominal obesity and decreasing birth weight. African-American women are cautioned to maintain healthy body measures (waist-to-hip ratio <0.80 and BMI <25) to address T2DM.en_US
dc.format.extent2055814 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/6768
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.subject.pqcontrolledHealth Sciences, Nutritionen_US
dc.subject.pqcontrolledHealth Sciences, Public Healthen_US
dc.subject.pqcontrolledWomen's Studiesen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledobesityen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolleddiabetesen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledminority healthen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledwomen's healthen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledAfrican Americanen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledfetal origins of chronic diseaseen_US
dc.titleThe Relationship of Low Birth Weight and Current Obesity to Diabetes in African-American Womenen_US
dc.typeDissertationen_US

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