Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study

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dc.contributor.authorRegier, Jerome C
dc.contributor.authorZwick, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorCummings, Michael P
dc.contributor.authorKawahara, Akito Y
dc.contributor.authorCho, Soowon
dc.contributor.authorWeller, Susan
dc.contributor.authorRoe, Amanda
dc.contributor.authorBaixeras, Joaquin
dc.contributor.authorBrown, John W
dc.contributor.authorParr, Cynthia
dc.contributor.authorDavis, Donald R
dc.contributor.authorEpstein, Marc
dc.contributor.authorHallwachs, Winifred
dc.contributor.authorHausmann, Axel
dc.contributor.authorJanzen, Daniel H
dc.contributor.authorKitching, Ian J
dc.contributor.authorSolis, M Alma
dc.contributor.authorYen, Shen-Horn
dc.contributor.authorBazinet, Adam L
dc.contributor.authorMitter, Charles
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-18T17:53:21Z
dc.date.available2021-11-18T17:53:21Z
dc.date.issued2009-12-02
dc.description.abstractIn the mega-diverse insect order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths; 165,000 described species), deeper relationships are little understood within the clade Ditrysia, to which 98% of the species belong. To begin addressing this problem, we tested the ability of five protein-coding nuclear genes (6.7 kb total), and character subsets therein, to resolve relationships among 123 species representing 27 (of 33) superfamilies and 55 (of 100) families of Ditrysia under maximum likelihood analysis. Our trees show broad concordance with previous morphological hypotheses of ditrysian phylogeny, although most relationships among superfamilies are weakly supported. There are also notable surprises, such as a consistently closer relationship of Pyraloidea than of butterflies to most Macrolepidoptera. Monophyly is significantly rejected by one or more character sets for the putative clades Macrolepidoptera as currently defined (P < 0.05) and Macrolepidoptera excluding Noctuoidea and Bombycoidea sensu lato (P ≤ 0.005), and nearly so for the superfamily Drepanoidea as currently defined (P < 0.08). Superfamilies are typically recovered or nearly so, but usually without strong support. Relationships within superfamilies and families, however, are often robustly resolved. We provide some of the first strong molecular evidence on deeper splits within Pyraloidea, Tortricoidea, Geometroidea, Noctuoidea and others. Separate analyses of mostly synonymous versus non-synonymous character sets revealed notable differences (though not strong conflict), including a marked influence of compositional heterogeneity on apparent signal in the third codon position (nt3). As available model partitioning methods cannot correct for this variation, we assessed overall phylogeny resolution through separate examination of trees from each character set. Exploration of "tree space" with GARLI, using grid computing, showed that hundreds of searches are typically needed to find the best-feasible phylogeny estimate for these data. Our results (a) corroborate the broad outlines of the current working phylogenetic hypothesis for Ditrysia, (b) demonstrate that some prominent features of that hypothesis, including the position of the butterflies, need revision, and (c) resolve the majority of family and subfamily relationships within superfamilies as thus far sampled. Much further gene and taxon sampling will be needed, however, to strongly resolve individual deeper nodes.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-280
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.13016/gkwu-b3fi
dc.identifier.citationRegier, J.C., Zwick, A., Cummings, M.P. et al. Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study. BMC Evol Biol 9, 280 (2009).en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/28144
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtCollege of Computer, Mathematical & Physical Sciencesen_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtDigital Repository at the University of Marylanden_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtBiologyen_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtUniversity of Maryland (College Park, MD)en_us
dc.subjectBootstrap Supporten_US
dc.subjectWeak Supporten_US
dc.subjectCompositional Heterogeneityen_US
dc.subjectSynonymous Changeen_US
dc.subjectGood Topologyen_US
dc.titleToward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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