A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF PLAYING-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN MUSICIANS RELATING TO BIOLOGICAL SEX AND INSTRUMENT PLAYED

Abstract

Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are occupational health concerns that cause pain, discomfort, or disability for musicians. We utilized a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze disparities in prevalence based on sex and instrument, and assess whether instrument choice was associated with sex-based prevalence disparities. Six databases were searched for studies containing prevalence rates for males or females, or specific instruments. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality and data was statistically evaluated in a meta-analysis. Our initial search yielded 5961 articles, of which 23 articles met quality assessment criteria and were included in quantitative analyses. Sex-based disparities were observed such that being female increased one’s odds of having a PRMD by 88% when compared to males. Limited available studies with relevant data prevented analysis of the interaction between instrument and sex.