The Effects of DiNP Exposure On FLRT2 Expression In Human Umbilical Vein and Endothelial Cells

Abstract

Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) is one of the most widely used phthalates, or plasticizers, found in various consumer products. Although it was initially developed to replace more toxic phthalates due to its comparatively less harmful primary and secondary metabolites, it is still associated with adverse health outcomes. In this project, we focused on investigating the effects of DiNP exposure on placental and fetal development, by specifically looking at the expression of Fibronectin Leucine-Rich Transmembrane Protein 2 (FLRT2). It plays a vital role in angiogenesis in the placenta, a critical structure for nutrient transfer between the fetus and mother. We hypothesized that DiNP exposure will lead to abnormal changes in expression of the FLRT2 gene, further affecting vascular development in the placenta. A series of initial titration experiments were performed in human umbilical vein and endothelial cells (HUVEC)-2 to determine a range of relevant doses of DiNP to ensure cell viability. Then, gene expression of FLRT2 in (HUVEC)-2 was measured in response to DiNP exposure via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results indicate that DiNP exposure does in fact have an effect on FLRT2 expression in human umbilical vein and endothelial cells (HUVEC-2). Together, these findings warrant further investigation to determine downstream biological consequences and strategies to protect maternal and fetal health.