School of Public Health

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The collections in this community comprise faculty research works, as well as graduate theses and dissertations.

Note: Prior to July 1, 2007, the School of Public Health was named the College of Health & Human Performance.

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    Development and Limitations of Exposure Biomarkers to Dietary Contaminants Mycotoxins
    (MDPI, 2021-04-28) Turner, Paul C.; Snyder, Jessica A.
    Mycotoxins are toxic secondary fungal metabolites that frequently contaminate cereal crops globally, presenting exposure hazards to humans and livestock in many settings. The heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxins in food restricts the usefulness of food sampling and intake estimates for epidemiological studies, making validated exposure biomarkers better tools for informing epidemiological investigations. While biomarkers of exposure have served important roles for understanding the public health impact of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (AF), the science of biomarkers must continue advancing to allow for better understanding of mycotoxins’ roles in the etiology of disease and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. This review will discuss mycotoxin biomarker development approaches over several decades for four toxins of significant public health concerns, AFs, fumonisins (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON), and ochratoxin A (OTA). This review will also highlight some knowledge gaps, key needs and potential pitfalls in mycotoxin biomarker interpretation.
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    A pilot comparison of first morning versus 24-hour urinary deoxynivalenol in UK adults
    (2017) Boonchaisri, Natalie; Turner, Paul; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Using unpublished data from an original study by Turner et al. (2010a), the relationship between first morning void (FMV) and 24-hour urine collections was examined in UK adults to determine if FMV collections provide a reasonable estimate of DON intake compared to 24-hour collections. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was computed to evaluate variability in DON concentrations and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to assess the relationship between collection types. Greater between-person variability was observed in 24-hour collections, unadjusted and adjusted for creatinine (ICC=0.78 and 0.56, respectively). GEE models suggest urinary DON concentrations in FMV collections were strongly correlated with 24-hour collections (r=0.78, p<0.0001), meaning FMV collections may provide just as reasonable an estimate of DON intake compared to 24-hour collections when adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. These results strengthen the methodology behind exposure biomarkers and urinary assays when estimating DON intake.