Anthropology
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Item ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SITE 36LU323, Lower Street Double, Pardeesville, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania(University of Maryland, 2023) Jones, Sean; Westmont, V. Camille; Shackel, PaulThe University of Maryland Anthracite Heritage Program's summer archaeological field methods course (ANTH496) was taught at Pardeesville, Hazle Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania (previously Lattimer Village No.2) from May through July 2014. The field school identified and excavated two previously undocumented archaeology sites dating between the late 19th to mid-20th centuries, removing material culture related to the lives of immigrant coal miners and their families. Sites 36LU323 (Lower Street Double) and 36LU321 (Yanac House) were investigated. The following report outlines the Phase I and II archaeological investigations of site 36LU323. All archaeological investigations, review, curation, and reporting were completed in accordance with The Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations in Pennsylvania, as amended. The goal of this investigation was to (1) mitigate the loss of material culture due to the hazardous slumping of a privy feature, (2) assess the integrity of archaeological deposits at the site, and (3) gather material cultural evidence to aid in the research themes related to the lives of immigrant labors in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The Lower Street Double House site consisted of the original coal company-constructed doubletenancy house. The Pardee Brothers and Company constructed the house in Lattimer Village No.2. The household was rented until the coal company's bankruptcy in the 1930s when the occupants, the Yannuzzi family purchased the tenant house. The field school investigated site 36LU323 using Phase II archaeological methodology. Three Test Units of varying sizes (5 ft. x 10 ft. and 3 ft. x 3 ft.) labeled as Test Units 7, 11, and 12 were excavated. Test unit 7 was the most prominent of those excavated and contained Feature 11, an early 20th-century privy. Approximately 1,483 artifacts were recovered from the Lower Street Double site. Most of the material culture recovered from this investigation was from a 5 ft. x 10 ft. early 20th-century privy. All diagnostic artifacts found within the site come from this feature. Despite the small sample size of the Lower Street Double site, the significance of the material culture record lends a further view into the lives of exploited labor and the structural violence found within the anthracite coal industry. Moreover, the Lower Street Double site provides a contemporaneous privy to the Yanac House site (36LU321), providing research potential for analyzing ethnic diversity within Lattimer No. 2. Analysis of the Lower Street Double artifact assemblage is guided by research themes to provide a coherent framework for understanding the occupation and lifestyle of household residents. The research themes include (1) An analysis of consumer access to commodities in Lattimer No. 2, (2) how household identity is present in choices of material culture, and (3) how structural violence committed against the labor force may have led to serious health defects.Item ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS OF SITE 36LU331 HOUSES 34 AND 36 ECKLEY MINERS’ VILLAGE LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA(2021-01) Neurock Schriner, Aryn G.; Shackel, Paul A.; Westmont, V. CamilleThis report presents the findings of a research-oriented archaeological survey and excavations conducted at the site 36LU331. The University of Maryland Department of Anthropology field school, under the direction of Dr. Paul A. Shackel, conducted this research during the summer of 2016 in accordance with the Pennsylvania Historic and Museum Commission’s “Letter of Authorization” agreement signed January 29, 2016 (Appendix C). A combination Phase I shovel test survey and surface survey was conducted on the PHMC- owned portion of Back Street in June 2015. This preliminary research indicated that House 34/36, House 38/40, and House 42/44, previously unrecorded archaeological sites, needed to be registered with the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office. These sites are designated as 36LU331, 36LU332, and 36LU333, respectively; however, for the 2016 summer field season, only 36LU331 was selected for further evaluation. As a result of the intact archaeological remains at 36LU331, the site is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It is not currently included within the bounds of the Eckley Historic District, which was listed on the NRHP on October 26, 1971. It is recommended that the National Register boundaries be redrawn to include site 36LU331 and that the site be added as a contributing resource to the nomination under Criterion D, a place that has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.Item ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SITE 36LU321, YANAC HOUSE, PARDEESVILLE LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA(2021-01) Shackel, Paul A.; Jones, Sean M.; Westmont, V. CamilleThe University of Maryland Anthracite Heritage Program summer archaeological field methods course was taught at Pardeesville, Hazle Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania (previously Lattimer Village No.2) from May through July 2014. As a result of the field school, two previously undocumented sites were investigated: 36LU321 (Yanac House) and 36LU323 (Lower Street Double). The following report outlines the Phase I and II archaeological investigations at the Yanac House Site. The objective of this work was to assess the integrity of archaeological deposits at the sites to aid in research themes related to the lives of immigrant and second-generation laborers and their families at the Yanac House Site, and Northeast Pennsylvania as a whole. These research themes include household demographics, health care, land usage, and transgenerational trauma. The field school investigations included historical research and excavation of shovel test pits and test units varying in size (5 ft x 5 ft, 4 ft x 5 ft, 2.5 ft x 5 ft, and 7.5 ft x 7.5 ft). In total 4 shovel test pits (STPs) and 9 test units were excavated at 36LU321. The site yielded 7,766 artifacts, 417 of which were ceramic sherds, 1,906 of which were glass, and 1282 of which were modern materials. Over 110 complete glass bottles were recovered from the excavation, many of which were related to medicinal care for diabetes, eczema, and congestion/coughing. Site 36LU321 (Yanac House) consisted of a company-constructed double tenancy house. The house was constructed by the Pardee Brothers and Company in Lattimer Village No. 2. The household was rented until the company’s bankruptcy in 1940, and subsequently purchased by the occupying tenants, the Berish family. The Yanac House (eastern portion of household lot #57) has been occupied from the coal village tenancy of the 19th century to the present day. In 2000 the Yanac family would purchase the property from the Berish descendants. Analysis of the Yanac house artifact assemblage is guided by research themes to provide a framework of understanding the occupation and lifestyle of the household residents. The research themes include: (1) land and spatial usage, (2) household demographics, (3) medicinal usage/availability, and (4) transgenerational trauma. The Yanac House structure has survived over 150 years, however it has been modified over this time-period. Large scale modifications occurred during the Berish occupation in the mid-20th century and the house has since been modernized. The large quantity of complete medicinal bottles recovered from the site provide significant research potential regarding the effects of structural violence on an immigrant labor force, and how this trauma affects future generations. Material culture related to diabetes and asthma provide data related to transgenerational trauma in the anthracite coal region.