Institute for Systems Research

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Author: search.filters.author.Carr, David A.

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    Image Browsers: Taxonomy, Guidelines, and Informal Specifications
    (1994) Plaisant, Catherine; Carr, David A.; Shneiderman, Ben; ISR; CSHCN
    Image browsing is necessary in numerous applications. Designers have merely used two one-dimensional scroll bars or they have made ad hoc designs for a two-dimensional scroll bar. However, the complexity of two-dimensional browsing suggests that more careful analysis, design, and evaluation might lead to significant improvements. We present a task taxonomy for image browsing, suggest design features and guidelines, assess existing strategies, and introduce an informal specification
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    Using Interaction Object Graphs to Specify and Develop Graphical Widgets
    (1994) Carr, David A.; Jog, Ninog; Kumar, Harsha P.; Teittinen, Marko; Ahlberg, Christopher; ISR
    This document describes five widgets that have been developed at the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory of the University of Maryland. These widgets are: a range selection slider, a two- level alpha-slider, a secure switch, a tree viewer, and a treemap viewer. The last two use the same tree representation and can be used as alternate visualizations of the same hierarchy. In addition, a system for widget specification is introduced and each widget is specified using this system.
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    When an Intermediate View Matters a 2D-browser Experiment
    (1992) Plaisant, Catherine; Carr, David A.; Hasegawa, Hiroaki; ISR
    The browsing of two dimensional images can be found in a large number of application. When the image to be viewed is much larger than the screen available, a two dimensional browser has to be provided to allow users to access all parts of the image. We show the diversity of tasks and systems available and the need for 2D browser design guidelines. In the context of a microscope image browser, we investigate one common technique consisting of a global view of the whole image, coupled to a detailed, magnified view of part of the image. In particular we look at the benefits of providing an intermediate view when the detail- to-overview ratio over 20:1. Our experience is also a good example of a real world application for which added features and added hardware need to be justified.
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    The Effects of Time Delays on a Telepathology User Interface
    (1992) Carr, David A.; Hasegawa, Hiroaki; Lammon, Doug; Plaisant, Catherine; ISR
    Telepathology enables a pathologist to examine physically distant tissue samples by microscope operation over a communication link. Communication links can impose time delays which cause difficulties in controlling the remote device. Such difficulties were found in a microscope teleoperation system. since the user interface is critical to pathologist's acceptance of telepathology, we redesigned the user interface for this system, built two different versions (a keypad whose movement commands operated by specifying a start command followed by a stop command and a trackball interface whose movement commands were incremental and directly proportional to the rotation of the trackball). We then conducted a pilot study to determine the effect of time delays on the new user interfaces. In our experiment, the keypad was the faster interface when the time delay is short. There was no evidence to favor either the keypad or trackball when the time delay was longer. Moving long distances over the microscope slide by dragging the field-of-view indicator on the touchscreen control panel improvement inexperience user performance. Also, the experiment suggests that changes could be made to improve the trackball interface.