Nutrition & Food Science
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Item Dietary and Acculturation Factors Influencing Metabolic Syndrome among South Asian Americans In Two Community Health Centers in Maryland(2014) Khan, Saira; Jackson, Robert; Nutrition; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)South Asian's (SA) have been observed to have higher insulin resistance followed by an altered state of metabolism; however, few studies have attempted to explore the acculturation process and dietary practices of immigrant SA's in the U.S. 1401 South Asian Americans living in Maryland from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Iran, and Afghanistan were selected from two community health clinics to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this study group and its indicators. The prevalence of MetS (51%) in adults was higher than African Americans, European Americans, and Mexican Americans. Overall, Indians had the highest percent of MetS 54% compared to Bengali 51%, Pakistani 49%, or Other SA 44%. The results suggest the high prevalence of MetS among SA may be due to a lack of acculturation in this survey group where 80% were classified as Asian low acculturated. Results from a logistic regression analysis showed that the likelihood of developing MetS was high, but future investigations are needed to confirm the role of acculturation from a more representative sample of SA's. We also examined the role of acculturation, diet and exercise in South Asians who acquire MetS. We also examined the diet quality using the 2010 guidelines. The low acculturated South Asians had a greater prevalence of MetS and the overall diet quality of the low income South Asians in Maryland needed improvement. The SA male and female mean scores for the healthy eating index-2010 were 71.9 ± 1.9 and 67.9 ± 1.2, respectively. Males were more acculturated, consumed healthier foods, and had a lower percent of MetS compared to females.Item IS THE CURRENT DEFINITION OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME A USEFUL TOOL FOR THE DETECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN NON-HISPANIC BLACKS?(2010) Rodriguez, Omayra Isabel; Song, Jiuzhou; Nutrition; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Blacks in the country suffer from higher prevalences of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease compared to whites. Paradoxically, they have the lowest prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) compared to whites and Mexican Americans. This is likely due to the fact that blacks tend to have lower triglycerides (TG) and higher high density cholesterol (HDL) levels. We challenged the current lipid criteria established by the Adult Treatment Panel III for the detection of the MS and set out to find more appropriate TG and HDL cutoffs to detect the MS in blacks. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999-2006, we identified that a more appropriate TG cutoff for blacks to detect the MS is 110 mg/dL but were not able to identify more suitable HDL cutoffs. Our results confirm that race/ethnic-specific criteria should be established for the detection of the MS across racial/ethnic groups.Item Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome in a sample of Central and South Americans living in the Washington, D.C. area(2010) Gill, Regina Marie; Jackson, Robert T.; Nutrition; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The Central/South American population is growing rapidly in the U.S., but little is known about the health status. The purpose of this study was 1) to estimate the prevalence of MS and its individual components, 2) compare risk factors among Hispanic sub-groups, and 3) examine how metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence estimates have changed from 1993–1994 to 2008–2009 in a sample of Central/South Americans living in the D.C. area. In this cross-sectional, medical record extraction survey, data from 1993–1994 were compared with data from 2008–2009 on 1,042 male and female adults collected by questionnaire. 28% of our subjects had MS. The most prevalent MS components were low HDL (43.2% men; 50.7% women), elevated triglycerides (37%), and high BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (75.6%). Among Central/South Americans, Salvadorans had the highest prevalence of MS (30.7%). MS prevalence was significantly greater for the 2008–2009 subjects (27.9%) compared with 1993–1994 subjects (19.7%) (p ≤ 0.05).Item Appropriate Waist Circumference Cutoff Values for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican American Adults(2009) Sarafrazi, Neda; Jackson, Robert T; Nutrition; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) recently proposed new criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, which requires the presence of central obesity as measured by ethnic specific waist circumference (WC) cutoff values. Currently, no specific WC thresholds for diagnosis of central obesity in Hispanics are available. The objectives were to determine the appropriate gender specific WC thresholds for diagnosis of central obesity in Mexican American adults and to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome using IDF definition with and without the modified WC in this population. Data from 3265 Mexican American adults aged 20-80 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006 were used. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was compared using IDF criteria with and without the modified waist circumference. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that yielding at least 80% sensitivity, the WC value of 90 cm in both genders was more appropriate in predicting the presence of two or more metabolic syndrome risk factors in this population. Based on this cutoff, there was 34% reduction in the prevalence of central obesity in women (82.5% to 54.2%). The age adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 58.4 to 48.2%. The metabolic syndrome was more common among Mexican American men than women (55.8% in men versus 37.8% in women, P =0.0003). Our findings provided a practical guidance in the assessment and screening of central obesity and metabolic syndrome in Mexican Americans.