Theses and Dissertations from UMD

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New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a give thesis/dissertation in DRUM

More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.

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    Microfabricated Bulk Piezoelectric Transformers
    (2017) Barham, Oliver M.; DeVoe, Don L; Mechanical Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Piezoelectric voltage transformers (PTs) can be used to transform an input voltage into a different, required output voltage needed in electronic and electro- mechanical systems, among other varied uses. On the macro scale, they have been commercialized in electronics powering consumer laptop liquid crystal displays, and compete with an older, more prevalent technology, inductive electromagnetic volt- age transformers (EMTs). The present work investigates PTs on smaller size scales that are currently in the academic research sphere, with an eye towards applications including micro-robotics and other small-scale electronic and electromechanical sys- tems. PTs and EMTs are compared on the basis of power and energy density, with PTs trending towards higher values of power and energy density, comparatively, indicating their suitability for small-scale systems. Among PT topologies, bulk disc-type PTs, operating in their fundamental radial extension mode, and free-free beam PTs, operating in their fundamental length extensional mode, are good can- didates for microfabrication and are considered here. Analytical modeling based on the Extended Hamilton Method is used to predict device performance and integrate mechanical tethering as a boundary condition. This model differs from previous PT models in that the electric enthalpy is used to derive constituent equations of motion with Hamilton’s Method, and therefore this approach is also more generally applica- ble to other piezoelectric systems outside of the present work. Prototype devices are microfabricated using a two mask process consisting of traditional photolithography combined with micropowder blasting, and are tested with various output electri- cal loads. 4mm diameter tethered disc PTs on the order of .002cm^3 , two orders smaller than the bulk PT literature, had the following performance: a prototype with electrode area ratio (input area / output area) = 1 had peak gain of 2.3 (± 0.1), efficiency of 33 (± 0.1)% and output power density of 51.3 (± 4.0)W cm^-3 (for output power of 80 (± 6)mW) at 1MΩ load, for an input voltage range of 3V-6V (± one standard deviation). The gain results are similar to those of several much larger bulk devices in the literature, but the efficiencies of the present devices are lower. Rectangular topology, free-free beam devices were also microfabricated across 3 or- ders of scale by volume, with the smallest device on the order of .00002cm^3 . These devices exhibited higher quality factors and efficiencies, in some cases, compared to circular devices, but lower peak gain (by roughly 1/2 ). Limitations of the microfab- rication process are determined, and future work is proposed. Overall, the devices fabricated in the present work show promise for integration into small-scale engi- neered systems, but improvements can be made in efficiency, and potentially voltage gain, depending on the application
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    RESONANCE BASED LOW FREQUENCY SYNTHETIC JET ACTUATOR MODELING, DESIGN, AND TESING
    (2006-09-01) Gravatt, Lynn Marie; Flatau, Alison; Aerospace Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Synthetic Jet Actuators have been the topic of extensive study in the aerospace industry because of their ability to actively control flow over aerodynamic surfaces without discrete control surfaces such as a flap. One challenge has been to develop a low frequency, lightweight actuator that can provide large displacements. This study will discuss the modeling, design, manufacture, and testing of a bimorph piezo-composite actuator that will provide such displacements at low frequencies. The design employs two opposing benders that provide a piston-type motion. The initial goals of this study were to achieve 30 m/s out of the slot while maintaining the mechanical resonant frequency of the system at about 100 Hz.