UMD Theses and Dissertations

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/3

New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a given thesis/dissertation in DRUM.

More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.

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    Exploring Psychosocial and Structural Syndemic Effects as Predictors for HIV-Related Outcomes among Black Women
    (2022) Watson, Lakeshia; Dyer, Typhanye; Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Black women continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV with marked disparities in HIV incidence, prevalence, and care outcomes. There is a critical need to explore the role of psychosocial and structural factors and the negative impact of these factors on HIV-related outcomes, including HIV risk behaviors, HIV medication adherence, and healthcare utilization. This research uses the syndemic theory to measure the effects of both psychosocial and structural syndemics on HIV-related outcomes among Black women. Syndemic theory is a theoretical framework, which posits there are multiple, overlapping factors that form a cumulative and synergistic effect on HIV disease burden. The substance abuse, violence and AIDS (SAVA) syndemic, clustering effects of substance use, intimate partner abuse, and HIV/AIDS, have been applied in studies exploring HIV outcomes among women; however, the SAVA syndemic framework does not include additional psychosocial and structural factors such as food insecurity, housing instability, incarceration, post -traumatic stress disorder, and depression to better understand the syndemic profiles of Black women. Using study data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 Women’s Seroincidence study and the Women’s Interagency HIV Study, we tested whether a cumulative syndemic of psychosocial and structural factors contributed to sexual risk behaviors and HIV care outcomes. The studies will assess three parameterizations of syndemic factors: cumulative syndemic index, syndemic group indices reflecting the level of influence (psychosocial, participant-level, and neighborhood), and number of syndemic groups (0, 1, 2, or 3). We also tested whether HIV status modified the relationships between a cumulative syndemic of psychosocial and structural factors and sexual risk behaviors. In study 1, a higher syndemic score was significantly associated with increased prevalence of unknown HIV status of last male sex partner (aPR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.10), engaging in exchange sex (aPR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.14-1.20), and having multiple sex partners (aPR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.09) among a sample of 1,347 Black women. In study 2, generalized linear mixed models found that being in two syndemic groups was associated with increased odds of reporting unknown HIV status of last male sex partners (aOR=3.04, 95% CI: 1.24-7.44) and having multiple sex partners (aOR=4.29, 95% CI: 1.81-10.18) among 1,364 Black women living with and without HIV across twelve follow-up visits. We also found that being in all three syndemic groups was associated with increased odds of reporting inconsistent condom use (aOR= 2.15, 95% CI: 1.28-3.61), unknown HIV status of last male sex partners (aOR=5.26, 95% CI: 1.94-14.25), and having multiple sex partners (aOR=7.47, 95% CI: 2.85-19.58). Among a total of 969 Black women living with HIV in study 3, a higher cumulative syndemic score and a higher neighborhood-level structural syndemic group score was associated with increased odds of reporting sub-optimal HIV medication adherence (aOR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06 and 1.08, respectively). Black women in all three syndemic groups had increased odds of reporting sub-optimal HIV medication adherence (OR=2.88, 95% CI: 1.32-6.29) and missed HIV appointments (OR=3.39, 95% CI: 1.06-10.92). Results from these studies highlight the evidence of psychosocial and structural syndemic effects on multiple HIV risk and care outcomes among Black women.
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    RUBIES IN THEIR CROWNS:AN EXAMINATION OF AFRICAN AMERICAN CHURCH WOMEN AND HEAD FASHION
    (2021) Malone, Shoji Von; Williams Forson, Psyche A; American Studies; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Church hats and other head adornments are a major component of Sunday morning worship for many Black Christian women. Wearing a hat, also known as a crown, is a part of the Sunday ritual and culture of Black churches. This dissertation, Rubies in Their Crowns: An Examination of African American Church Women and Head Fashion, explores the ways in which Black women’s clothing, especially head adornment, aid in revealing how they self-define, self-actualize, and perform self-awarenesss. I argue that Black church women have used and continue to use head adornment to express themselves socially, culturally, and politically. Through head adornment these women begin to create, define, and express Black womanhood differently throughout time. Methodologies in material culture studies, visual culture studies, cultural studies, and ethnography using intersectionality are employed to conduct close readings of primary sources—images, newspaper articles, catalogues, and church manuals. Additionally, I conducted life history interviews with eleven hat-wearing Black church women. These participants from the Mid-Atlantic to the Midwest, illuminate the ways that head adornments tell stories of access, creativity, and entrepreneurship. In revealing Black women’s role as cultural producers their words also unveil how their hats become decorated crowns.
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    BLACK MADONNA AND MISS AMERICA: IN THE STREETS, ON THE STAGE AND IN THE CHURCH
    (2020) Anderson, Ronya-Lee; Keefe, Maura; Dance; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    The black female body is a political body that inhabits the collective imagination of a nation. This body constantly negotiates a multiplicity of meanings that have life and death consequences and in turn teach America about herself. What does it look like for this body to take up space? As the black female body navigates the streets, the stage, the church, both private and public space, what concessions must be made? Black Madonna and Miss America is a choreographic and critical investigation of socio-political happenings in conversation with the positioning of the black female icon in the streets, on the stage and in the church. It is cinematic in nature, employing a familiar series of still and moving images tied to a complex historical canon. Black Madonna and Miss America tackles the tension between the public and private; the doing and being of the black female iconic body. The work confronts the worship of the black female body in popular culture; worship undone in the political and economic treatment of that same body. In the making of the work, theory and practice have been lovers, sometimes in harmony, other times, at odds. The practice of making the work in the body challenged and was challenged by the theoretical work of thinking through and researching related issues; some tangental and others glaringly present. What does the performance protest of Colin Rand Kaepernick have in common with black female bodies engaged in their own political and social choreography on stage? How does #BlackGirlMagic both illuminate the work and threaten its potential potency? What does the work borrow from the Black Church and the Black Lives Matter Movement?
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    The Jezebel Speaks: Black Women's Erotic Labor in the Digital Age
    (2019) Brown, Melissa; Ray, Rashawn; Sociology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    According to contemporary scholars of sex work in the digital age, information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide sex workers various affordances. Some of these affordances include new ways of business or marketing; greater security; more autonomy; and better wages. Much of this scholarship centers young white women working in specific fields of sex work that cater to young white men clientele. Thus, several questions remain about the affordances and constraints of the internet for sex workers of color. Affordances refer to the functional and relational aspects of objects that create possibilities for human agency through interaction with them. In this present study I use existing theories of the mobile internet and Black feminist thought to intervene into the sociology of sex work and the internet to show how Black women sex workers negotiate controlling images of Black women's sexuality on the social networking application Instagram. This study seeks to address the following broad research questions with respect to embodiment and labor: 1) In what ways, if any, do controlling images of Black women’s sexuality emerge online? 2) How do power dynamics within the matrix of domination shape racial-sexual hierarchies of worthiness and desirability online? And finally, 3) What sexual politics, if any, do Black women exotic dancers use on social networking sites to negotiate controlling images? To answer these questions, I use a mixed methods approach to examine the affordances of digital technology for Black women sex workers. First, I used GIS mapping software to visualize the locations of where Black women exotic dancers based in the Memphis, Atlanta, and D.C. metropolitan areas perform. Second, I distributed an online survey among this group of women to create an exploratory profile. Finally, I conducted a content analysis to explore the erotic labor of Black women sex workers as a form of racial-sexual and gendered embodiment and performance of sexuality. My findings indicate Black women exotic dancers use social networking sites (SNS) and the mobile internet to leverage racialized erotic capital into various entrepreneurial pursuits and forms of self-eroticism beyond exotic dance. Nevertheless, controlling images of Black women’s sexuality popular within the discourse of contemporary rap music shape expectations around their erotic labor. As a result, the innovation of social networking sites on the mobile internet has done little to reshape the racially and economically marginalized landscape of strip clubs wherein Black women exotic dancers perform.
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    Reclaiming Black Beledi: Race, Wellness, And Online Community
    (2015) Velazquez, Maria Inez; Williams-Forson, Psyche; American Studies; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    In this dissertation, I analyze love, affect, and embodiment online. I specifically focus on belly dance because of its history as a kind of conscious and public laboring on the self. By situating belly dance as an imperial legacy of U.S. military engagement in the Middle East, I unveil its critical utility to bloggers’ discussion of wellness, self-care, and the affective consequences of living within imperialist and racist societies. I conclude by introducing the concept of a digital praxis of love, paying particular attention to digital black feminisms, wellness blogging, and dance. This project draws its exegesis from current scholarship on corporeal, physical feminisms, and digital feminisms in order to point towards a definition of praxis online as incorporating critical reflection, critical action, and everyday public life. This exploratory dissertation incorporates a variety of methodologies in order to investigate the movement of wellness, self-care, and critique as these concepts move through overlapping knowledge worlds, spaces, and sites of consumption. By doing so, this dissertation highlights the connections between conversations about wellness and conversations about politics. Analyzing these connections offers an important intervention in wellness studies, the digital humanities, and American studies by illustrating the role wellness (and its digital objects) plays in performing citizenship, group membership, and social justice activism.