UMD Theses and Dissertations
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/3
New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a given thesis/dissertation in DRUM.
More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.
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Item Application of Behavioral Economic Theory to College Student Drinkers with and without ADHD: A Daily Diary Study(2022) Oddo, Lauren Elizabeth; Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Aims: Young people with ADHD are vulnerable to the initiation and escalation of hazardous alcohol use in college, posing high direct and indirect costs to these individuals and society. Behavioral economic theory proposes key etiological and maintenance factors of hazardous alcohol use that have never been examined at the daily level in connection to ADHD: alcohol demand, substance-free enjoyment and activity engagement, and behavioral activation. Method: College student drinkers with (n=51) and without (n=50) ADHD completed 14 consecutive days of daily diaries (n=1,414). We conducted a series of multilevel path models to examine (1) the effect of ADHD on average daily alcohol demand, substance-free enjoyment and activity engagement, and behavioral activation; (2) the effect of average daily alcohol demand, substance-free enjoyment and activity engagement, and behavioral activation on alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences; and (3) the moderating effect of ADHD on these same-day associations. Results: On average, drinkers with ADHD experienced more daily alcohol-related negative consequences relative to non-ADHD drinkers. ADHD was also associated with less daily substance-free enjoyment and behavioral activation. Regardless of ADHD status, there were significant associations among each behavioral economic risk factor and alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences, though effects differed at the within and between person levels. There were no moderating effects of ADHD on these same-day associations. Conclusion: This is the first study to apply daily diary methodology to examine behavioral economic risk factors among drinkers with versus without ADHD. Results expose areas of daily impairment specific to drinkers with ADHD and meaningfully advance theoretical conceptualizations of ADHD and hazardous alcohol use. Future research identifying daily associations among environmental triggers and alcohol problems in an ecologically valid manner has tremendous potential to inform the development of adaptive interventions delivered to the right people at the right time.Item Feminist Consciousness and Empowerment as Moderators in the Relationship between Sexism and Self-Objectification and Alcohol Use in College Women(2019) Le, Thomas; Iwamoto, Derek K; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)While past research has revealed a positive association between sexism and women’s alcohol use, no studies have examined how feminist identity may moderate this association. Thus, with a sample of 329 college-attending women, we examined the extent to which sexism, self-objectification, and benevolent sexism were associated with alcohol-related problems and heavy episodic drinking, as well as the extent to which various forms of feminist identity moderated those associations. Results showed that self-objectification was positively associated with heavy episodic drinking, whereas neither sexism nor benevolent sexism were associated with maladaptive alcohol use. Sexism was positively associated with alcohol related problems for women of color. Results also showed that the active commitment form of feminist identity moderated the association between self-objectification and heavy episodic drinking. No other interactions with moderating variables were significant. This study emphasizes the importance of examining gender-relevant factors when working with women who engage in risky alcohol use.Item The association of acculturation, social support, and alcohol use among Mexican American adults(2008-04-22) McDowell, Margaret Ann; Atkinson, Nancy; Gold, Robert; Public and Community Health; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Background: The increasing diversity of the U.S. population and the tremendous growth of the elderly population in the U.S. pose a challenge for public health practice. Mexican Americans (MAs) comprise the largest U.S. Hispanic subgroup. Previous research has shown alcohol use among MA adults varies by sex, age, acculturation level, socioeconomic status, and other factors. Purpose: This study explored the association of social, cultural, and demographic factors among MA adults. Berry's acculturation model (1980) and social support theory provided the theoretical underpinnings for this study. Multiple proxy measures of acculturation were used: a 5 item language subscale, generation level, and length of time in the United States. The association of social support and alcohol use among MAs 60 years and older was assessed using NHANES social support interview data. Methods: A secondary data analysis of 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1,682 MAs 40 years of age and older. Psychometric testing was performed with a language use scale and social support index. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictors of lifetime abstention and current alcohol use. Results: Acculturation was associated with lifetime abstention and current alcohol use among females. Lifetime alcohol abstention rates were higher among less acculturated females, and a majority of female current drinkers were light alcohol users. Among males, lifetime alcohol abstention rates were very low. Light or moderate alcohol use was reported by two-thirds of males. Socioeconomic status and marital status were predictive of heavier alcohol use among males. No association was observed between social support and alcohol use among older adults. Conclusions: The results from this study underscore the complexity of alcohol use behavior among MAs. The strong association of acculturation and alcohol use among MA women suggests that traditional alcohol norms are altered during the acculturation process. Alcohol use among MA men is more common and heavy use was associated with social and economic factors rather than acculturation. The study findings may be used to inform health promotion and alcohol intervention programs for MA adults.Item Substance use in two generations of Indian Americans as a function of marginalization and perceived discrimination.(2007-08-10) Gholkar, Radha; Smith, Barry D.; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Past studies using acculturation to predict substance use in immigrants have yielded mixed findings, suggesting support for both acculturative and assimilation theories of substance use in immigrants. In this investigation, two variables from the cross-cultural literature, Marginalization and Perceived Discrimination, were used to examine the predictions of these theories. First- and second-generation Indian-Americans were recruited and completed questionnaires measuring quantity, frequency, and negative consequences of drug / alcohol use, Perceived Discrimination, and Marginalization. Information on demographics and depressive symptoms were used as covariates. Hierarchical regression and correlation analyses indicated that lower levels of Marginalization significantly predicted higher rates Alcohol Use in the first-generation; conversely, higher levels of Perceived Discrimination were significantly associated with increased Drug Use in the second-generation. It was concluded that both assimilation and acculturative theories may have merit for identifying substance users in an Indian-American sample when generation is considered as a moderator.