UMD Theses and Dissertations
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/3
New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a given thesis/dissertation in DRUM.
More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.
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Item Effectiveness of a Brief Behavioral Smoking Cessation Intervention In A Residential Substance Use Treatment Center(2009) White, Thomas James; Smith, Barry D; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Cigarette smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in the United States (American Cancer Society, 2008). Despite decades of awareness on the dangers of cigarette smoking, many smokers have been unable to successfully quit. One population with little access to smoking cessation treatments is inner city drug abusers in residential treatment centers. Smoking rates among polydrug users in treatment approach 100% (Burling & Ziff, 1988), and half of those treated for alcohol or substance abuse will die of smoking-related illnesses (Hurt, et al., 1996). Nonetheless, a recent survey of residential substance abuse treatment centers found that only 31% of centers provided smoking cessation programs (Fuller, et al., 2007). The relative scarcity of smoking cessation programs offered at such centers is alarming. A residential substance-abuse center setting is, theoretically, an ideal location for the implementation of a smoking cessation program, due to the available resources (Bernstein & Stoduto, 1999). Successful completion of a smoking cessation intervention during drug treatment increases illicit drug abstinence rates by 25% at one year (Prochaska, Delucchi, & Hall, 2004). Nonetheless, studies of smoking cessation programs in residential treatment centers have typically showed low rates of success (Friend & Pagano, 2005), although these programs have typically utilized the group modality and not individualized, one-on-one treatment (Currie, Nesbitt, Wood & Lawson, 2003). It is important to measure the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs delivered in a one-on-one modality in residential treatment centers. The smoking cessation intervention employed in the present study was based on prior behavioral interventions. The effectiveness of this intervention on smoking cessation and short-term (one-month) relapse were assessed. Goodness-of-fit analysis revealed significantly greater rates of point-prevalence smoking reduction or cessation in the active treatment condition compared with the placebo condition; however, when smoking cessation rates were examined alone, there was no significant difference in cessation rates across the two conditions. No sex differences were found in smoking cessation or reduction rates across conditions. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that sex (being male) and nicotine dependence contributed most significantly to CPD following quit day.Item Arousal theory and the interrelationships of caffeine, nicotine and impulsivity(2008-03-06) White, Thomas James; Smith, Barry D; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Nicotine, caffeine, impulsivity, and arousal are all intercorrelated: both drugs increase arousal, and impulsivity is theoretically related to arousal. However, the independent and joint effects of nicotine and caffeine on impulsive behavior are unclear. In this study, male college students (N = 63) were administered either caffeine or lactose placebo (double-blind) and either nicotine or placebo cigarettes (double-blind). Participants engaged in three behavioral tasks: the Stop Signal Task (SST), the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), and the Delay Discounting Task (DDT). Drug intake did not produce significant changes across conditions on any of the three tasks. The hypothesis that caffeine and nicotine have an interactive effect on impulsivity in men was not supported by the data. Potential reasons for the lack of significant findings include variability within the sample on consumption history.