Characterization and Control of Aggression and Reproduction in the Male Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)

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dc.contributor.advisorOttinger, Mary Annen_US
dc.contributor.authorDeCaluwe, Heather Burtonen_US
dc.contributor.departmentAnimal Sciencesen_US
dc.contributor.publisherDigital Repository at the University of Marylanden_US
dc.contributor.publisherUniversity of Maryland (College Park, Md.)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2012-07-10T05:35:37Z
dc.date.available2012-07-10T05:35:37Z
dc.date.issued2012en_US
dc.description.abstractClouded leopards are a striking and elusive cat species whose secretive nature has made it difficult to gather information on population statistics and behavior in the wild, where the population is in decline. While captive populations are intended as a hedge against extinction, breeding clouded leopards ex situ has been a challenge, primarily due to extreme male aggression toward females. Despite the importance of aggression in this species, there has as yet been no systematic study characterizing the basis of aggressive episodes. Two mechanisms seem to underlie the aggressive behavior in clouded leopards: degree of anxiety and circulating testosterone levels. Three studies were conducted to characterize mechanisms modulating aggression in male clouded leopards. In Study 1, sixteen adult male clouded leopards were categorized as `anxious' or `calm' using a keeper questionnaire and fecal endocrine (androgen and glucocorticoid) profiles; these measures were correlated with behavior rates and frequencies before, during, and after a series of behavioral reaction tests aimed at assessing an individual's response to stress-inducing situations. In Study 2, the behavioral and endocrine responses to the same tests were compared in the same clouded leopards following three treatments: 1) an anxiety-reducing psychotropic drug (clomipramine, n = 4); 2) a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (deslorelin, n = 5), or 3) no treatment (n = 4). In Study 3, the long-term effects of the drug treatments on spermatogenesis and hormone concentrations were compared in clouded leopards (n = 2/treatment) and domestic cats (n = 5/treatment), a model for non-domestic felid reproduction. Studies revealed important findings about the basis of aggressive behavior in male clouded leopards. First, two of the behavioral reaction tests - `mirror image stimulation' and `unfamiliar people' - were effective tools for evaluating temperament and eliciting a behavioral response. Second, treatment with both clomipramine and deslorelin reduced anxious and aggressive behaviors (e.g. `tail flicking' and `growling') indicating multiple physiological mechanisms likely modulate aggression in this species. Finally, deslorelin temporarily suppressed hormone concentrations and reproductive function, while clomipramine had no clear effect on either. Ultimately, this information provides important tools for improving male-female pairing success and the overall management of captive clouded leopards.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/12792
dc.subject.pqcontrolledAnimal behavioren_US
dc.subject.pqcontrolledEndocrinologyen_US
dc.subject.pqcontrolledWildlife conservationen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledAggressionen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledAndrogensen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledBehavioren_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledGlucocorticoidsen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledReproductive Functionen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledSerotoninen_US
dc.titleCharacterization and Control of Aggression and Reproduction in the Male Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)en_US
dc.typeDissertationen_US

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