Novel Precision Measurement Methods for Probing Dark Matter

Abstract

The nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the most profound open questions in fundamental physics. In this thesis, we develop and apply novel precision measurement techniques to probe DM across a broad range of candidate masses and interaction strengths. For weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) DM, we present a new directional detection scheme based on solid-state quantum sensing in diamond. For ultralight bosonic DM, we introduce a novel experimental concept--GALILEO--which employs electro-optics and resonant interferometry to search for DM–induced oscillating electric fields. To probe ultra-heavy DM, we develop a geological detection method that maps extended damage tracks in ancient quartz using electron microscopy, leveraging billion-year exposure times for enhanced sensitivity. Finally, we analyze gravitational wave signals from double white dwarf binaries, treating them as a distributed array of galactic accelerometers capable of dynamically measuring the Milky Way’s gravitational potential. Together, these complementary approaches demonstrate the potential of precision measurement science to expand the search for DM. They highlight the powerful interplay between quantum technologies, materials science, and astrophysics in tackling some of the most fundamental mysteries of the universe.