North American import? Charting the origins of an enigmatic Trypanosoma cruzi domestic genotype

dc.contributor.authorZumaya-Estrada, Federico A
dc.contributor.authorMessenger, Louisa A
dc.contributor.authorLopez-Ordonez, Teresa
dc.contributor.authorLewis, Michael D
dc.contributor.authorFlores-Lopez, Carlos A
dc.contributor.authorMartínez-Ibarra, Alejandro J
dc.contributor.authorPennington, Pamela M
dc.contributor.authorCordon-Rosales, Celia
dc.contributor.authorCarrasco, Hernan V
dc.contributor.authorSegovia, Maikel
dc.contributor.authorMiles, Michael A
dc.contributor.authorLlewellyn, Martin S
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-28T19:43:40Z
dc.date.available2021-09-28T19:43:40Z
dc.date.issued2012-10-10
dc.description.abstractTrypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, is currently recognized as a complex of six lineages or Discrete Typing Units (DTU): TcI-TcVI. Recent studies have identified a divergent group within TcI - TcIDOM. TcIDOM. is associated with a significant proportion of human TcI infections in South America, largely absent from local wild mammals and vectors, yet closely related to sylvatic strains in North/Central America. Our aim was to examine hypotheses describing the origin of the TcIDOM genotype. We propose two possible scenarios: an emergence of TcIDOM in northern South America as a sister group of North American strain progenitors and dispersal among domestic transmission cycles, or an origin in North America, prior to dispersal back into South American domestic cycles. To provide further insight we undertook high resolution nuclear and mitochondrial genotyping of multiple Central American strains (from areas of México and Guatemala) and included them in an analysis with other published data. Mitochondrial sequence and nuclear microsatellite data revealed a cline in genetic diversity across isolates grouped into three populations: South America, North/Central America and TcIDOM. As such, greatest diversity was observed in South America (Ar = 4.851, π = 0.00712) and lowest in TcIDOM (Ar = 1.813, π = 0.00071). Nuclear genetic clustering (genetic distance based) analyses suggest that TcIDOM is nested within the North/Central American clade. Declining genetic diversity across the populations, and corresponding hierarchical clustering suggest that emergence of this important human genotype most likely occurred in North/Central America before moving southwards. These data are consistent with early patterns of human dispersal into South America.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-226
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.13016/cds5-q3xf
dc.identifier.citationZumaya-Estrada, F.A., Messenger, L.A., Lopez-Ordonez, T. et al. North American import? Charting the origins of an enigmatic Trypanosoma cruzi domestic genotype. Parasites Vectors 5, 226 (2012).en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/28042
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtCollege of Computer, Mathematical & Physical Sciencesen_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtDigital Repository at the University of Marylanden_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtBiologyen_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtUniversity of Maryland (College Park, MD)en_us
dc.subjectTrypanosoma cruzien_US
dc.subjectMaxicircleen_US
dc.subjectMicrosatelliteen_US
dc.subjectChagas Diseaseen_US
dc.subjectPhylogeographyen_US
dc.subjectPopulation geneticsen_US
dc.subjectTcIen_US
dc.titleNorth American import? Charting the origins of an enigmatic Trypanosoma cruzi domestic genotypeen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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