NIGHTHAWKS: POLITICS, INTERSERVICE RIVALRIES, AND MARINE CORPS SURVIVAL

Abstract

This thesis explores the efforts of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) to secure its institutional survival in the face of post-World War II defense unification pressures and existential threats. The study highlights the critical role of Marine Helicopter Squadron One (HMX-1) in establishing the Corps' continued relevance through helicopter innovation, both in combat and non-combat roles, particularly in amphibious warfare and presidential transport. Amid interservice rivalries and political resistance, HMX-1 symbolized the Marine Corps’ adaptability and strategic importance. The research investigates the political dynamics, technological advancements, and lobbying efforts that enabled the USMC to preserve its unique identity and operational significance. It argues that HMX-1 was instrumental in shaping the Corps' enduring role in national defense.