Large fires in humanitarian settlements lead to enormous losses in material, time, and resources that organizations allocate toward supporting refugee camps and displaced persons. In the absence of full-scale shelter fire experiments in humanitarian settlements, a combination of video analysis and fire modeling can be used to estimate burning characteristics of the shelter fire. A MATLAB-based image binarization method is developed to measure the flame height and structure loss over the course of fire development in footage from a shelter burn test conducted in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The conditions of the shelter fire are recreated in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Diagnostics in the FDS models provide estimates for the flame height, heat release rate, heat flux, and radiant integrated intensity in and around the shelter. The FDS models exhibit a 10-25 second delay in matching key events in the fire development timeline of the original shelter fire. Otherwise, measurements from the FDS simulations show good agreement to measurements from image processing. Based on results from image processing and FDS models, the steady burning HRR is approximately 900 kW for a shelter fire with a flame height range of approximately 4.1-4.5 m.