QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE IN COMMONLY-CONSUMED FOODS AND ELUCIDATION OF ITS NATURAL COMPONENT IN STILTON CHEESE BY COMPOUND-SPECIFIC CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS

dc.contributor.advisorOndov, John Men_US
dc.contributor.authorNelson, Michael Andrewen_US
dc.contributor.departmentChemistryen_US
dc.contributor.publisherDigital Repository at the University of Marylanden_US
dc.contributor.publisherUniversity of Maryland (College Park, Md.)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2013-06-28T06:13:06Z
dc.date.available2013-06-28T06:13:06Z
dc.date.issued2013en_US
dc.description.abstractBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is classified as a "priority hazardous substance" by the European Union, a probable human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and is a suspect human endocrine disruptor. This ubiquitous compound is measurable in many food matrices. Screening of nine fatty and processed foods commonly consumed in the United States for DEHP was performed with an internal standard addition method that utilized Gas Chromatography-Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry (GC-EIMS). Blank-adjusted average mass fractions in each food ranged from 0.18 mg/kg (± 0.07 mg/kg, 1 &sigma;) to 1.57 mg/kg ( ± 0.24 mg/kg, 1&sigma;), with cheeses containing the largest. Organisms such as penicillium used in the production of Stilton cheese have been considered likely sources of naturally-occurring phthalate. While Anthropogenic DEHP is produced from petrogenic chemicals, biogenic DEHP is likely produced by organisms utilizing atmosphere-equilibrated carbon containing a quantity of <super>14</super>C isotopes measurable by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The <super>14</super>C abundance of DEHP isolated from Stilton cheese allowed for the determination of its contemporary, and thus biogenic, fraction of carbon. Five &sim; 90 µg quantities of DEHP were extracted from &sim; 12 kg of cheese and isolated by silica gel, size exclusion, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for AMS. Sample masses were determined by GC-EIMS and combusted CO<sub>2</sub> manometric measurements. The purity of carbon as DEHP in each isolate (87.2 % ± 1.7 % to 94.0 % ± 1.3 %, n=5, 95 % C.I.) was determined by multivariate deconvolution of GC-EIMS fragmentation spectra. Concurrently processed isolation method blanks contained from 0.61 µg ± 0.04 µg to 1.84 µg ± 0.09 µg (n=3, 1 &sigma; uncertainty) DEHP per sample and significant quantities of extraneous carbon contamination. Measurements of <super>13</super>C/<super>12</super>C isotope ratios were made to correct reported <super>14</super>C values for instrumental and natural fractionation. The mean <super>14</super>C-corrected contemporary carbon fraction of DEHP in all isolates was 0.242 ± 0.068 (n=5, 1 &sigma; uncertainty), revealing that the majority of DEHP in Stilton cheese, at 75.8 % ± 6.8 %, is anthropogenic, but with a significant naturally-occurring component.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/14046
dc.subject.pqcontrolledAnalytical chemistryen_US
dc.subject.pqcontrolledFood scienceen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledAccelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)en_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledbis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledCompound-Specific Radiocarbon Analysis (CSRA)en_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledfood screeningen_US
dc.subject.pquncontrolledphthalateen_US
dc.titleQUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE IN COMMONLY-CONSUMED FOODS AND ELUCIDATION OF ITS NATURAL COMPONENT IN STILTON CHEESE BY COMPOUND-SPECIFIC CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSISen_US
dc.typeDissertationen_US

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