The Relationships Between Job Burnout, Job Stress, and Job Satisfaction Among Schoolteachers
The Relationships Between Job Burnout, Job Stress, and Job Satisfaction Among Schoolteachers
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Date
1985
Authors
Newburg-Rinn, Sharon
Advisor
Hardy, Robert
Citation
Abstract
Purpose
Questions have been raised concerning the separateness
of the three concepts, job burnout, job stress, and job
satisfaction. It is best to avoid coining new terms such
as "burnout" if they are unnecessary. Further,
understanding the relationships between these concepts may
help prevent confusion in future studies involving these
concepts.
The purpose of the study was to increase the
understanding of all three of the concepts by understanding
their relationships to one another. Specifically, are job
burnout, job stress, and job satisfaction best viewed as
three separate concepts? If not, further questions arise.
Is job burnout the same thing as job satisfaction? Could
job stress also be placed under the job satisfaction
rubric? Finally, are job burnout and job stress part of
the same phenomenon?
Procedures and Conclusions
Surveys were sent to 1512 teachers who were randomly
selected from all the members of the Maryland State Teachers
Association. Of these, 741 (49%) responded. Eliminating
unusable responses brought the final total to 701 teachers.
Two measures of each concept were utilized, one a multiple
item test and the other a single global question answered
on a five point scale. The multiple item instruments were:
1) for job satisfaction, Smith, Kendal, and
Hukin's (1969) Job Descriptive Index,
Work Scale;
2) for burnout, Maslach and Jackson's (1979a)
Maslach Burnout Inventory, Emotional
Exhaustion Scale; and
3) for stress, Cichon and Koff's (1980)
Teaching ~~ents Stress Inventory.
For the three concepts, the global questions were similar in
structure to this example:
"In general, how stressful do you find being
a teacher?"
1
Not
Stressful
2
Just a
Little
stressful
3
Somewhat
Stressful
4
Quite
Stressful
5
Extremely
Stressful
These data were analyzed by way of a multitrait-multimethod
matrix (Campbell and Fiske, 1959) and a factor analysis.
These approaches allowed an assessment of the pattern of the
relationships between these concepts.
It was concluded that the preponderance of the evidence
implied that job burnout, job stress, and job satisfaction
are best considered separate concepts.
In addition, it was found that there was a poor
correlation between a global measure of stress and the
Teaching Events Stress Inventory. The study tends to
suggest that the TESI be reexamined before being used again
in this fashion for possible changes which would allow a
higher correlation between it and a global measure of job
stress.