We propose a specification model and present a method to algorithmically derive a protocol specification from a service specification based on the model.

Unlike the previous models based on finite state machines, the proposed model can explicitly express concurrency, synchronization, and timing requirements such as delays and timeouts. We assume that there exists a reliable communication channel between any two protocol entities and the maximum delay for each channel is bounded by a positive constant. Because of the variable nature of the communication delays along with the time constraints associated with events, no protocol specification can fully simulate the service specification. The proposed method derives a protocol specification that is optimal in the sense that it provides the largest possible subset of the service specification under the communication delay constraints. We also give a method to derive a sub specification from a service specification and a maximum communication delay of each channel such that the sub specification, but no superset of it, can be simulated by the derived protocol specification.