The Evolution of Symbols on Nautical Charts Prior to 1800
The Evolution of Symbols on Nautical Charts Prior to 1800
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Date
1979
Authors
Clawson, Mary G.
Advisor
Wiedel, Joseph W.
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Abstract
This study attempts to determine the way in which symbols evolved on
nautical charts, the identity of originators of these symbols, the spread
in their use, and the forces involved in their continuing evolution. A
twofold approach is utilized to resolve these questions. First a history
of nautical charts prior to 1800 is presented and second, the actual examination
of over 4200 nautical charts was carried out to discover and document
their symbol content. A graphic summary of the symbols used on
these charts is presented along with an analysis of the data gathered in
1 ight of the history of nautical cartography. The evolution of the symbols
on nautical charts was found to be closely aligned with one of the
three types of symbols described by Dreyfuss (1972): arbitrary, abstract
or representational. The arbitrary symbols examined in this study clearly
went through an evolutionary process, whereas the abstract and representational
symbols remained virtually static throughout the period. The originators
of the symbols are given when identifiable and the spread and evolution
of the symbols is discussed. From this study it can be concluded
that this type of research is most valuable in discovering the evolution of
symbols on nautical charts and that the graphic summary could be considered
a standard for evaluating the evolution and use of symbols on nautical charts
prior to 1800.