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    A New Role for the CYT-18 N-Terminus and Three-Dimensional DNA Crystals as Vehicles for Biocatalysis

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    No. of downloads: 358

    Date
    2014
    Author
    Geng, Chun
    Advisor
    Paukstelis, Paul J
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    Abstract
    The bifunctional Neurospora crassa mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (N. crassa mt TyrRS; CYT-18 protein) promotes the splicing of multiple group I introns by stabilizing the catalytically active intron structures. CYT-18, and mt TyrRS's from related fungal species, have evolved to promote group I intron splicing partly by accumulation of three N-terminal domain insertions that create a structure-stabilizing scaffold for critical tertiary interactions between the two major group I intron domains. The primarily alpha-helical N-terminal insertion, H0, contributes to protein stability and is necessary for splicing the N. crassa ND1 intron, but is dispensable for splicing the N. crassa mt LSU intron. Herein, I show CYT-18 with a complete H0 deletion retains residual ND1 intron splicing activity and addition of the missing N-terminus in trans restores a significant portion of its splicing activity. This peptide complementation assay revealed important characteristics of the CYT-18/group I intron interaction including the stoichiometry of H0 in intron splicing and the importance of specific H0 residues. Evaluation of truncated H0 peptides in this assay also suggests a previously unknown structural role of the first five N-terminal residues of CYT-18. These residues interact directly with another splicing insertion, making H0 a central structural element responsible for connecting all three N-terminal splicing insertions. Transitioning to a separate study, I have demonstrated that enzymes retain catalytic activity when captured in the solvent channels of three-dimensional (3D) DNA crystals. Using RNase A as a model enzyme system this work shows that crystals infused with enzyme can cleave a fluorescent dinucleotide substrate with similar kinetic restrictions as other immobilized enzyme systems, mainly limited by diffusion of substrate. This new vehicle for immobilized enzymes, created entirely from biomolecules, provides a platform for developing modular solid-state catalysts that could be both biocompatible and biodegradable.
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    http://hdl.handle.net/1903/15356
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    DRUM is brought to you by the University of Maryland Libraries
    University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-7011 (301)314-1328.
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