Pathogenic Escherichia coli in retail meats

Abstract

Pathogenic <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, including diarrheagenic <italic>E. coli</italic> (DEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic <italic>E. coli</italic> (ExPEC), cause numerous human infections annually. Retail meats are generally contaminated with <italic>E. coli</italic>and may serve as a vehicle transmitting pathogenic <italic>E. coli</italic>. The objectives of this project were to detect and characterize different pathogenic <italic>E. coli</italic> from retail meats, and to explore their potential in causing human infections.

<italic>E. coli</italic> isolates recovered from ground beef, ground turkey, chicken breast and pork chop during 2002 to 2007 were screened for Shiga toxin genes and Shiga toxin-producing <italic>E. coli</italic> (STEC) were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. In addition, <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates recovered in 2006 were also examined for virulence genes specific for other DEC. The results demonstrated that retail meats, especially ground beef, were contaminated with diverse STEC strains and some strains contained Shiga toxin genes associated with severe human infections. The presence of atypical enteropathogenic <italic>E. coli</italic> in retail meat is also of concern due to their potential to cause human infections.

Meanwhile, <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates recovered in 2006 were investigated for the presence of five ExPEC-defining virulence genes using multiplex PCR. Identified ExPEC isolates were characterized by serotyping and phylogenetic grouping, and their antimicrobial susceptibility data were analyzed. The findings showed that ExPEC, including antimicrobial resistant strains, were widely distributed in retail meats, especially in chicken and turkey products. This indicates that meat may be a vehicle for dissemination of ExPEC strains.

ExPEC strains identified were further examined by multiplex PCR for the presence of 21 uropathogenic <italic>E. coli</italic> (UPEC) virulence genes. Selected strains were further characterized by multi-locus sequence typing and studied for their interactions with human bladder epithelial cells. Data showed that most UPEC virulence genes selected could be detected in isolates from meat. And some isolates belonged to sequence types associated with clinical UPEC. Meat-source isolates exhibited lower level of adherence and invasion compared to a clinical UPEC strain. These observations suggested that a small proportion of <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates from retail meats resemble human UPEC in various aspects, but their potential in causing human UTI needs further investigation.