Environmental Science & Technology
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/2216
Browse
2 results
Search Results
Item The stormwater retention benefits of urban trees and forests(2018) Phillips, Tuana Hilst; Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell; Environmental Science and Technology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The use of urban tree canopies as strategies to mitigate stormwater runoff is limited in part by a lack of empirically observed data. This thesis quantifies soil infiltration capacity in 21 forest patches in Baltimore, Maryland, and reports results from a meta-analysis on urban tree transpiration. Results show that the degree to which soil infiltration and tree transpiration functions reduce stormwater runoff depends on soil physical properties, tree characteristics, and management drivers. Yet, results conservatively estimate that Baltimore forest patch soils are capable of infiltrating ~68% of rainfall. In addition, urban trees transpire ~1.7 mm of water per day in the growing season or ~0.8 mm of water per day on an annual basis, an amount of water that equals approximately 26% of the annual rainfall in the Baltimore region. Thus, urban trees and forests impact urban hydrology and are an important component of stormwater green infrastructure in built environments.Item Salinity and Inundation Tolerance of Phragmites australis ssp. americanus: A Greenhouse Experiment and Field Study on a Tributary of the Chesapeake Bay(2017) Leason, Diane Elizabeth; Baldwin, Andrew H; Environmental Science and Technology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Natural vegetation communities of tidal and non-tidal wetlands are threatened by invasive species, e.g. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud., resulting in diversity losses and declines in wetland services. The native lineage of Phragmites, Phragmites australis ssp. americanus Saltonstall, P. M. & Soreng could be a valuable addition to species currently used in restoration projects aimed at increasing wetland services. However, tolerances of native Phragmites to environmental conditions are uncertain. Salinity and water level tolerances were investigated by monitoring growth of adult plants, established from rhizomes, under varying water and salinity levels in a greenhouse experiment and an observational study. Results show salinity levels above 5 ppt significantly limited growth of native Phragmites regardless of water level indicating appropriate restoration use across the marsh platform of fresh and oligohaline systems. Educational materials and demonstration sites were created to improve field identification of native Phragmites.