Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
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Item Racial and Geographic Disparities in Late-Stage Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in Florida(2011) Xiao, Hong; Tan, Fei; Goovaerts, PierreAbstract available at publisher's web site.Item Genetic differences may cause higher rates of prostate cancer in African-American men(2011) Moore, JeremyGenetic differences in prostate cells seem to be a root cause of the prostate cancer disparities between African-American men and white men, according to findings presented at the Fourth AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities, held here Sept. 18-21, 2011. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among U.S. men, with occurrences and mortality rates higher in African-American men compared to white men. "There are a lot of socioeconomic and environmental factors that create differences in levels of prostate cancer in these two groups," said Bi-Dar Wang, Ph.D., assistant research professor of pharmacology and physiology at…Item Impact of Ethnicity on Primary Treatment Choice and Mortality in Men With Prostate Cancer: Data From CaPSURE(2010) Moses, K. A.; Paciorek, A. T.; Penson, D. F.; Carroll, P. R.; Master, V. A.Purpose Men diagnosed with prostate cancer have multiple options available for treatment. Previous reports have indicated a trend of differing modalities of treatment chosen by African American and white men. We investigated the role of ethnicity in primary treatment choice and how this affected overall and cancer-specific mortality. Methods By utilizing data abstracted from Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE), patients were compared by ethnicity, primary treatment, number of comorbidities, risk level according to modified D'Amico criteria, age, highest educational level attained, type of insurance, treatment facility, and perception of general health. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of the tested variables on primary treatment and mortality. Results African American men were more likely to receive nonsurgical therapy than white men with equivalent disease characteristics. Whites were 48% less likely than African Americans to receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) compared with surgery (P = .02) and were 25% less likely than African Americans to receive radiation therapy compared with surgery (P = .08). Whites with low-risk disease were 71% less likely to receive ADT than African American men with similar disease (P = .01). Adjusted overall and prostate cancer–specific mortality were not significantly different between whites and African Americans (hazard ratios, 0.73 and 0.37, respectively). Risk level, type of treatment, and type of insurance had the strongest effects on risk of mortality. Conclusion There is a statistically significant difference in primary treatment for prostate cancer between African American and white men with similar risk profiles. Additional research on the influence of patient/physician education and perception and the role that socioeconomic factors play in mortality from prostate cancer may be areas of focus for public health initiatives.Item Prostate cancer in black and white Americans.(2003) Reddy, Sreekanth; Shapiro, Marc; Morton, Ronald; Brawley, Otis WThe prostate cancer incidence and mortality of black Americans is among the highest in the world. The reasons have not been adequately explained. Similar disparities have been noted for men of sub-Saharan origin living in Brazil and the Caribbean. Avenues of investigation have assessed racial and ethnic differences in diet as well as possible differences in the prevalence of genetics (both polymorphisms and mutations). There are studies to suggest that there are no racial differences in outcome when there is equal treatment. Several studies show that there are racial differences in patterns of care in the US and it has been hypothesized that this contributes to some of the racial disparity in survival after diagnosis.Item Black Barbershop Outreach to Screen and Educate Black Men About Health(2010) Mays, JeffGoing to the barbershop could mean more than getting a fresh Caesar, fade or lineup. Starting this Saturday in California, the Black Barbershop Health Outreach Program will be offering health screenings and health education to black men at 80 barbershops in 23 cities. The initiative is part of a larger program that will go nationwide and touch 50 cities in all. The goal is to educate and screen black men about diabetes, high blood pressure and the importance of early prostate cancer detection.Item Practice Notes: Strategies in Health Education Program, “Full Service”: Talking About Fighting Prostate Cancer—in the Barber Shop!(2007) Browne, Mario; Lieberman, Lisa D.; Hager, BarbaraThe purpose of this project is to promote prostate cancer screening, education about disease risk and the importance of early detection, and survivorship among African American males who frequent African American–owned barber shops.Item Admixture mapping identifies 8q24 as a prostate cancer risk locus in African-American men(2006) Freedman, Matthew L.; Haiman, Christopher A.; Patterson, Nick; McDonald, Gavin J.; Tandon, Arti; Waliszewska, Alicja; Penney, Kathryn; Steen, Robert G.; Kristin Ardlie, Kristin; John, Esther M.; Oakley-Girvan, Ingrid; Whittemore, Alice S.; Cooney, Kathleen A.; Ingles, Sue A.; Altshuler, David; Henderson, Brian E.; Reich, DavidA whole-genome admixture scan in 1,597 African Americans identified a 3.8Mbinterval on chromosome 8q24 as significantly associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer [logarithm of odds (LOD)7.1]. The increased risk because of inheriting African ancestry is greater in men diagnosed before 72 years of age (P < 0.00032) and may contribute to the epidemiological observation that the higher risk for prostate cancer in African Americans is greatest in younger men (and attenuates with older age). The same region was recently identified through linkage analysis of prostate cancer, followed by fine-mapping. We strongly replicated this association (P<4.2109) but find that the previously described alleles do not explain more than a fraction of the admixture signal. Thus, admixture mapping indicates a major, still-unidentified risk gene for prostate cancer at 8q24, motivating intense work to find it.Item Systematic Evaluation of Genetic Variation at the Androgen Receptor Locus and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Multiethnic Cohort Study(2005) Freedman, Matthew L.; Pearce, Celeste L.; Penney, Kathryn L.; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Henderson, Brian E.; Altshuler, DavidRepeat length of the CAG microsatellite polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene has been associated with risk of prostate cancer in humans. This association has been the focus of >20 primary epidemiological publications and multiple review articles, but a consistent and reproducible association has yet to be confirmed. We systematically addressed possible causes of false-negative and false-positive association in >4,000 individuals from a multiethnic, prospective cohort study of prostate cancer, comprehensively studying genetic variation by microsatellite genotyping, direct resequencing of exons in advanced cancer cases, and haplotype analysis across the 180-kb AR genomic locus. These data failed to confirm that common genetic variation in the AR gene locus influences risk of prostate cancer. A systematic approach that assesses both coding and noncoding genetic variation in large and diverse patient samples can help clarify hypotheses about association between genetic variants and disease.Item Genes Linked to 2 Health Problems in Blacks(2006) Reinberg, StevenNew studies have found a genetic component to two health problems in blacks: premature birth and prostate cancer. The findings buttress previous research linking genetics to health problems in different racial and ethnic groups. In the case of premature birth and prostate cancer, knowing the increased risk may lead to new treatments, the researchers said. The findings were published in this week's edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Item Researchers Publish Results of Largest Genome-Wide Linkage Study of Prostate Cancer Among African American Men(2006) UNSPECIFIEDBethesda, Md. — Researchers from 12 institutions, including the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), today announced the results of the first genome-wide linkage study of prostate cancer in African Americans. Using genetic markers, researchers identified several regions of the human genome that likely contain genes that, when altered, increase the risk of developing prostate cancer.