Psychology
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/2270
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Item Feasibility study of a family- and school-based intervention for child behavior problems in Nepal(Springer Nature, 2018-03-23) Adhikari, Ramesh P.; Upadhaya, Nawaraj; Satinsky, Emily N.; Burkey, Matthew D.; Kohrt, Brandon A.; Jordans, Mark J. D.This study evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a combined school- and family-based intervention, delivered by psychosocial counselors, for children with behavior problems in rural Nepal. Forty-one children participated at baseline. Two students moved to another district, meaning 39 children, ages 6–15, participated at both baseline and follow-up. Pre-post evaluation was used to assess behavioral changes over a 4-month follow-up period (n = 39). The primary outcome measure was the Disruptive Behavior International Scale—Nepal version (DBIS-N). The secondary outcome scales included the Child Functional Impairment Scale and the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI). Twelve key informant interviews were conducted with community stakeholders, including teachers, parents, and community members, to assess stakeholders’ perceptions of the intervention. The study found that children’s behavior problems as assessed on the DBIS-N were significantly lower at follow-up (M = 13.0, SD = 6.4) than at baseline (M = 20.5, SD = 3.8), p < 0.001, CI [5.57, 9.35]. Similarly, children’s ECBI Intensity scores were significantly lower at follow-up (M = 9.9, SD = 8.5) than at baseline (M = 14.8, SD = 7.7), p < 0.005, 95% CI [1.76, 8.14]. The intervention also significantly improved children’s daily functioning. Parents and teachers involved in the intervention found it acceptable and feasible for delivery to their children and students. Parents and teachers reported improved behaviors among children and the implementation of new behavior management techniques both at home and in the classroom. Significant change in child outcome measures in this uncontrolled evaluation, alongside qualitative findings suggesting feasibility and acceptability, support moving toward a controlled trial to determine effectiveness.Item THE EFFECTS OF VALENCE AND AROUSAL ON ITEM AND SOURCE MEMORY IN CHILDHOOD(2011) Graham, Meghan; Riggins, Tracy L.; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Emotion can be characterized in terms of valence and arousal. Both of these dimensions enhance memory in adults by specifically enhancing a form of memory called recollection. Recollection is required for memory of source or encoding context, and shows prolonged development throughout childhood. The specific effects of valence and arousal on memory, and specifically on recollection, have thus far not been studied developmentally. The current study examined how valence and arousal affect memory in 8-year-olds, using a source memory paradigm that allowed for the examination of emotion effects on recollection. Results showed that, after statistically controlling for effects of age, valence enhanced memory for items, but not source, and that there were gender differences in the effects of arousal on source memory, with girls showing better performance in the high-arousal condition and boys showing better performance in the low-arousal condition.Item Associations Between Paternal Psychopathology and Conduct Problems in Children with ADHD(2009) Mintz, Abigail D.; Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Parental psychopathology has consistently emerged as an important risk factor for negative developmental outcomes in children with ADHD; yet, this literature has focused almost exclusively on mothers. The few studies that do focus on fathers have identified significant associations between paternal psychopathology and child conduct problems (CP). This study sought to replicate these findings among families of children with ADHD and to extend prior research by considering paternal involvement as a potential moderator. Direct relationships between paternal psychopathology and child CP were not found. However, paternal involvement moderated the relationship between paternal ADHD and child CP. For involved fathers, these two variables were positively correlated, which suggests that children whose fathers are both involved and display psychopathology may be at higher risk for concurrent CP.Item Associations Between Parenting and Child Behavior Problems Among Latino Mothers and Children(2005-12-13) Diaz, Yamalis; Chronis, Andrea M.; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The present study examines the ability of global parenting styles and specific parenting practices to predict attention and behavior problems in Latino children. Sociodemographic variables and acculturation were considered in all analyses to examine, and account for, their influences. 107 Latino mothers with a child between 6 and 12 years old completed demographic, parenting, and child behavior measures. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted in order to predict child behavior from sociodemographic variables, acculturation, and parenting. All three parenting styles, and most practices, predicted reported behavior problems. Level of acculturation also consistently predicted child behavior problems. The present study adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating some differences in the associations between these styles and child behavior problems compared to what has been found in the general literature. In addition, it highlights the importance of considering level of acculturation when examining these associations within this population.