College of Behavioral & Social Sciences
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The collections in this community comprise faculty research works, as well as graduate theses and dissertations..
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Item Application of Behavioral Economic Theory to College Student Drinkers with and without ADHD: A Daily Diary Study(2022) Oddo, Lauren Elizabeth; Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Aims: Young people with ADHD are vulnerable to the initiation and escalation of hazardous alcohol use in college, posing high direct and indirect costs to these individuals and society. Behavioral economic theory proposes key etiological and maintenance factors of hazardous alcohol use that have never been examined at the daily level in connection to ADHD: alcohol demand, substance-free enjoyment and activity engagement, and behavioral activation. Method: College student drinkers with (n=51) and without (n=50) ADHD completed 14 consecutive days of daily diaries (n=1,414). We conducted a series of multilevel path models to examine (1) the effect of ADHD on average daily alcohol demand, substance-free enjoyment and activity engagement, and behavioral activation; (2) the effect of average daily alcohol demand, substance-free enjoyment and activity engagement, and behavioral activation on alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences; and (3) the moderating effect of ADHD on these same-day associations. Results: On average, drinkers with ADHD experienced more daily alcohol-related negative consequences relative to non-ADHD drinkers. ADHD was also associated with less daily substance-free enjoyment and behavioral activation. Regardless of ADHD status, there were significant associations among each behavioral economic risk factor and alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences, though effects differed at the within and between person levels. There were no moderating effects of ADHD on these same-day associations. Conclusion: This is the first study to apply daily diary methodology to examine behavioral economic risk factors among drinkers with versus without ADHD. Results expose areas of daily impairment specific to drinkers with ADHD and meaningfully advance theoretical conceptualizations of ADHD and hazardous alcohol use. Future research identifying daily associations among environmental triggers and alcohol problems in an ecologically valid manner has tremendous potential to inform the development of adaptive interventions delivered to the right people at the right time.Item Executive Functioning and Parenting in Mothers of Children with and without ADHD(2016) Mazursky-Horowitz, Heather Michelle; Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Parental scaffolding robustly predicts child developmental outcomes, including improved self-regulation and peer relationships, and fewer externalizing behaviors. However, few studies have examined parental characteristics associated with a parent’s ability to scaffold. Executive functioning (EF) may be an important individual difference factor associated with parental scaffolding. Yet, no research has examined parental EF in relation to scaffolding. Scaffolding may be particularly important for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) due in part to their core difficulties with inattention, disorganization, EF, and self-regulation, and the resulting need for greater structure, supervision, and consistency from parents. Moreover, parents of children with ADHD may experience greater challenges with scaffolding, both as a result of having a child with ADHD and their own increased risk for EF deficits. Yet, little research has examined child ADHD in relation to parental scaffolding. This study extends the extant literature on EF and parenting by examining individual difference factors associated with maternal scaffolding, and utilizing a multi-method assessment of maternal EF that may more effectively tap specific EF deficits associated with scaffolding. The current study aimed to examine: (1) the association between maternal EF and scaffolding, (2) the association between child ADHD symptoms and scaffolding, and (3) the interaction between child ADHD symptoms and maternal EF in predicting observed scaffolding. We hypothesized that deficits in maternal EF and child ADHD symptoms would each be negatively associated with observed scaffolding, and that child ADHD symptoms would interact with maternal EF deficits to predict the greatest deficits in observed maternal scaffolding. Results partially supported our hypotheses, in that some aspects of maternal EF, as measured by Digit Span and the Hotel Test, were predictive of observed maternal scaffolding. However, child ADHD symptoms did not significantly predict maternal scaffolding after controlling for child age, maternal education, and maternal EF; nor did the interaction of maternal EF and child ADHD symptoms. Working memory and task shifting may therefore be key components of parental EF that could be targeted in interventions designed to improve parental scaffolding.Item Maternal ADHD and parenting: The moderating role of maternal emotion regulation(2017) Woods, Kelsey; Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Separate literatures have examined the associations between maternal attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and parenting and maternal emotion regulation (ER) and parenting. This study used a multi-method evaluation of parenting to examine the independent and interactive effects of maternal ADHD symptoms and ER on self-reported and observed parenting among families of school-aged children. We hypothesized that maternal ADHD symptoms and ER difficulties would be positively associated with negative parenting and negatively associated with positive parenting. We also hypothesized that maternal ADHD symptoms and ER difficulties would interact to predict the strongest association with negative parenting behavior. There were significant main effects of maternal ER difficulties on self-reported negative parenting and maternal ADHD symptoms on self-reported harsh responses to children’s negative emotions. Maternal ADHD symptoms and ER were not significantly associated with positive parenting or observations of parenting.