Criminology & Criminal Justice
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/2227
Browse
3 results
Search Results
Item Exploring the Nuances of the School-to-Prison Cycle(2024) Tinney, Erin; Jacobsen, Wade; Criminology and Criminal Justice; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Discussions of the School-to-Prison Pipeline often focus on a unidirectional pathwaybetween the education and justice systems, but prior research suggests that it is important to also assess the reverse relationship: how justice system involvement impacts one’s education. I expand on this prior work by exploring how justice system involvement in adolescence impacts key educational outcomes and testing some of the potential nuances of this relationship. The current study examines the relationship between justice system involvement in high school and educational outcomes for the 2013 Maryland public school ninth grade cohort. I utilize propensity score matching to compare justice-involved and similarly situated non-justice-involved youth in their likelihood of suspension in the 12th grade, graduation, and postsecondary enrollment. I compare these impacts across school district and the level of one’s system involvement, which includes arrest, adjudication, in-community placement, and out-of-community placement (i.e., incarceration). I also explore the potential role of absence from school in the relationship between justice system involvement and educational outcomes and how the impact of system involvement may vary between youth of different racial identities and sexes, including at the intersection of one's race and sex. I conduct sensitivity analyses that further assess the nuances of this relationship based on the timing and dosage of one’s system involvement and different specifications of my educational outcomes. I find that justice system involvement is associated with worse educational outcomes and that the impact of involvement varies by school district, one’s level of system involvement, and their demographic characteristics. I also find that school absence may impact this relationship. Overall, this study builds upon prior research of the consequences of justice system involvement, particularly on one’s education, by exploring the nuances of this relationship based on one’s demographic characteristics, educational context, and factors related to their system involvement. The results of this study suggest that perhaps the School-to-Prison Pipeline may be best conceptualized as a School-to-Prison Cycle that could impact adolescents long after their system involvement.Item The “STICKINESS” of stigma: Guilt by association after a friend's arrest(Wiley, 2023-03-30) Tinney, ErinPrior research has examined the consequences of one's police contact, but the consequences of vicarious police contact are not as well known. This study expands on labeling theory and the concept of “stickiness” by assessing whether a friend's arrest increases the likelihood of one's police contact. Using a sample of rural youth (N = 13,170), I find that a friend's arrest is associated with an increase in the likelihood of one's first arrest the next year after accounting for other predictors of police contact. Based on my theoretical framework, I interpret this finding as “guilt by association.” In addition, ending relationships with friends who have been arrested does not significantly impact this relationship. This study concludes that police contact may be harmful for a youth's social network and builds on the concept of stickiness by suggesting that stigma not only sticks from one individual to another but may also stay despite efforts to end one's association with the arrested individual. The study expands on preexisting research on the consequences of adolescent police contact by introducing a friend's police contact as a way in which an individual may be more likely to become involved in the justice system.Item INVESTIGATING THE ‘STICKINESS’ OF STIGMA FOLLOWING A FRIEND’S POLICE CONTACT(2020) Tinney, Erin; Jacobsen, Wade; Criminology and Criminal Justice; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The consequences of police contact for youth have been established in the prior literature (e.g., Kirk & Sampson, 2013), yet the potential for guilt by association after police contact has not been thoroughly explored. The current study examines how a youth’s police contact may increase the likelihood of a friend’s police contact after controlling for behavior and other characteristics that are associated with justice system involvement. This study expands upon labeling theory and the concept of “stickiness” by testing whether guilt by association could act as a status characteristic that is “sticky” in two ways. Using longitudinal data from a sample of rural youth, I find that a friend’s police contact is associated with an increase in the likelihood of one’s own contact after accounting for other predictors of police contact. Thus, this study provides additional evidence that police contact may be harmful for youth and their social network.