Animal & Avian Sciences

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Fatty acids

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    Epistatic interactions associated with fatty acid concentrations of beef from angus sired beef cattle
    (Springer Nature, 2016-11-08) Kramer, L. M.; Ghaffar, M. A. Abdel; Koltes, J. E.; Fritz-Waters, E. R.; Mayes, M. S.; Sewell, A. D.; Weeks, N. T.; Garrick, D. J.; Fernando, R. L.; Ma, L.; Reecy, J. M.
    Consumers are becoming increasingly conscientious about the nutritional value of their food. Consumption of some fatty acids has been associated with human health traits such as blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is important to investigate genetic variation in content of fatty acids present in meat. Previously publications reported regions of the cattle genome that are additively associated with variation in fatty acid content. This study evaluated epistatic interactions, which could account for additional genetic variation in fatty acid content. Epistatic interactions for 44 fatty acid traits in a population of Angus beef cattle were evaluated with EpiSNPmpi. False discovery rate (FDR) was controlled at 5 % and was limited to well-represented genotypic combinations. Epistatic interactions were detected for 37 triacylglyceride (TAG), 36 phospholipid (PL) fatty acid traits, and three weight traits. A total of 6,181, 7,168, and 0 significant epistatic interactions (FDR < 0.05, 50-animals per genotype combination) were associated with Triacylglyceride fatty acids, Phospholipid fatty acids, and weight traits respectively and most were additive-by-additive interactions. A large number of interactions occurred in potential regions of regulatory control along the chromosomes where genes related to fatty acid metabolism reside. Many fatty acids were associated with epistatic interactions. Despite a large number of significant interactions, there are a limited number of genomic locations that harbored these interactions. While larger population sizes are needed to accurately validate and quantify these epistatic interactions, the current findings point towards additional genetic variance that can be accounted for within these fatty acid traits.
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    Denovo synthesized fatty acids as regulators of milk fat synthesis
    (2011) Vyas, Diwakar; Erdman, Richard A; Animal Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    The objectives of the dissertation research were to determine the role of denovo synthesized fatty acids (DNFA) in the regulation of milk fat synthesis. Milk fat responses to increasing amounts of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SMCFA), added in the proportion as synthesized denovo, were studied in lactating dairy cows. The results showed a significant linear increase in milk fat concentration with SMCFA supplementation. However, milk fat yield was similar for all treatments. A subsequent study was aimed at increasing the availability of SMCFA during trans-10, cis-12 CLA-induced milk fat depression (MFD) in lactating dairy cows to determine whether SMCFA can rescue part of CLA-induced MFD. Post-ruminal infusion of butterfat (BF) was used as a source of SMCFA. The BF treatment was compared to a mixture of fats containing only the long-chain FA (LCFA) with or without trans-10, cis-12 CLA infusion. Milk fat content and yield were significantly reduced with trans-10, cis-12 CLA. However, increased availability of SMCFA with BF infusion had no effects on milk fat yield and concentration. Trans-10, cis-12 CLA significantly reduced the mRNA expression of transcription factor SREBP-1c along with its downstream targets including ACC,FASN, LPL, SCD and AGPAT. The increased availability of SMCFA had no effect on either lipogenic gene or protein expression suggesting that nutritional manipulation was not sufficient to rescue trans-10, cis-12 CLA-induced MFD. Finally, the effects of combination of a Rosiglitazone (ROSI), a PPAR-γ agonist, and trans-10, cis-12 CLA were examined on mammary and hepatic lipogenesis in lactating mice. Mammary lipogenesis was significantly reduced with trans-10, cis-12 CLA, reducing the milk fat content and mRNA expression of lipogenic transcription factors SREBP1-c and PPAR- γ. Trans-10, cis-12 CLA significantly increased hepatic lipid accumulation, while the mRNA expression of SREBP1-c and PPAR- γ were not altered. On the contrary, ROSI had no effects on mammary lipogenesis. However, ROSI significantly rescued trans-10, cis-12 CLA-induced hepatic steatosis.