College of Agriculture & Natural Resources
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/1598
The collections in this community comprise faculty research works, as well as graduate theses and dissertations.
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Item INVASIVE LIANA HEDERA HELIX (ENGLISH IVY) IMPACTS ON ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRIENT CYCLING IN BALTIMORE FOREST PATCHES(2023) Shdaimah, Elad; Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell A; Environmental Science and Technology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The effects of invasive plants on forest ecology and nutrient cycling are highly variable and poorly understood. Many studies have found that species and location make each plant invasion unique. Thus, studying invasive plants on the species and local level is necessary to understand how they impact ecosystems and how to manage them. Ninety-four percent of forest patches in Baltimore contain invasive plants. Hedera helix is one of the most prominent. My study explores how different characteristics and intensities of H. helix invasion impact ecology and nutrient cycling in Baltimore forest patches. I analyzed canopy structure, litter properties, soil properties, and steps of C and N cycling in forest patch plots. I compared findings across the invasion characteristics: presence, canopy invasion intensity, and ground cover presence. My study revealed that invasion characteristics and location strongly influence the impact of H. helix on Baltimore forest patch plots. The presence of ground cover appeared to be dictated by soil hydrology, which varied by location. Invaded plots with ground cover had significantly altered soil properties, increased soil respiration rates (2.86 times greater than control plots, p = 0.047), and may have increased decomposition rates. These differences in C cycling metrics appear to be driven by altered soil temperature, structure, and chemistry (i.e., 1.62 times more TN than control plots, p = 0.022). Canopy invasions may have caused tree loss and altered canopy structure, which indicate potentially negative consequences for forest patch ecology in the future. pH may have been higher in the presence of H. helix (1.17 times higher pH than control plots, p = 0.090). Several ecological characteristics and nutrient cycling variables may have also been more variable in the presence of H. helix. No significant differences were detected in N cycling due to invasion. These findings can help Baltimore forest patch managers to assess problematic H. helix invasions and allocate resources to control it when necessary. They also lay out further groundwork for plant invasion research, demonstrating the necessity of species-specific, location-specific studies.Item RE-RO(O/U)TING: Reconfiguring mobilities and materialities through the design of a green-blue infrastructure corridor in Baltimore, Maryland(2022) Martin, Bryn; Ellis, Christopher; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This thesis engages with Ecological Urbanism through a literature review and design project. Through a literature review which reads ecological urbanism with other contemporary social theory, the thesis raises a question: how might an approach centering the materiality of landscape and its relation to mobility inform the interdisciplinary work of translation and interpretation which is central to ecological urbanism? This approach is examined through a design project examining the landscape of the lower Jones Falls, a small, culverted urban river. The project profiles some of the past and present mobilities and materialities shaping this urban environment. These observations inform a design project envisioning a daylighting of the culverted Jones Falls as a focal intervention in the reimagination of an urban expressway corridor as a twenty-first century ecological mobility corridor: a landscape of green and blue spaces, ecological infrastructure multimodal streetscapes, and a reinvigorated public realm.Item The Eco-Techno Spectrum: Exploring Knowledge Systems’ Challenges in Green Infrastructure Management(Cogitatio Press, 2021-01-26) Matsler, A. Marissa; Miller, Thaddeus R.; Groffman, Peter M.Infrastructure crises are not only technical problems for engineers to solve—they also present social, ecological, financial, and political challenges. Addressing infrastructure problems thus requires a robust planning process that includes examination of the social and ecological systems supporting infrastructure, alongside technical systems. An integrative Social, Ecological, and Technological Systems (SETS) analysis of infrastructure solutions can complement the planning process by revealing potential trade-offs that are often overlooked in standard procedures. We explore the interconnected SETS of the infrastructure problem in the US through comparative case studies of green infrastructure (GI) development in Portland and Baltimore. Currently a popular infrastructure solution to a wide variety of urban ills, GI is the use and mimicry of ecological components (e.g., plants) to perform municipal services (e.g., stormwater management). We develop the ecological-technological spectrum—or ‘eco-techno spectrum’—as a framing tool to bridge all three SETS dimensions. The eco-techno spectrum becomes a platform to explore the institutional knowledge system dynamics of GI development where social dimensions are organized across ecological and technological aspects of GI, exposing how governance differs across specific forms of ecological and technological hybridity. In this study, we highlight the knowledge system challenges of urban planning institutions as a key consideration in the realization of innovative infrastructure crisis ‘fixes.’ Disconnected definition and measurement of GI emerge as two distinct challenges across the knowledge systems examined. By revealing and discussing these challenges, we can begin to recognize—and better plan for—gaps in municipal planning knowledge systems, promoting decisions that address the roots of infrastructure crises rather than treating only their symptoms.Item TRANSFORMING VACANT LAND: A GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE MASTER PLAN FOR THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF DRUID HEIGHTS, BALTIMORE(2017) Yi, Che Wei; Kweon, Byoung-Suk; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Vacant properties often become an invitation for crime, dumping, and other unwanted activities and are associated with lower property values; increased municipal costs; and poorer health outcomes. However, vacancy can be viewed as an asset for the community and an opportunity for productive reuse. Well-maintained urban green spaces can reduce crime, strengthen social ties, and improve physical and mental health. The green infrastructure master plan for the neighborhood of Druid Heights is a response to findings from the site inventory and analysis and the community and stakeholder engagement process, which indicate a lack of recreational and natural amenities, poor public health outcomes, and high crime rates. By improving access to recreational and natural amenities and creating a connected series of green spaces, the design of this thesis addresses the high vacancy rate of Druid Heights and promotes recreation and social interaction to improve the public health outcomes of neighborhood residents.Item Changes in the community structure of urban and rural forest patches in Baltimore from 1998 to 2015(2016) Templeton, Laura Kristine; Sullivan, Joseph; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Urban forests are often highly fragmented with many exotic species. Altered disturbance regimes and environmental pollutants influence urban forest vegetation. One of the best ways to understand the impacts of land-use on forest composition is through long-term research. In 1998, the Baltimore Ecosystem Study established eight forest plots to investigate the impacts of urbanization on natural ecosystems. Four plots were located in urban forest patches and four were located in rural forests. In 2015, I revisited these plots to measure abundances and quantify change in forest composition, diversity, and structure. Sapling, shrub, and seedling abundance were reduced in the rural plots. Alpha diversity and turnover was lower in the rural plots. Beta diversity was reduced in the rural plots. The structure of the urban plots was mostly unchanged, except for a highly reduced sapling layer. Beta diversity in the urban plots was consistent across surveys due to high species turnover.Item SHIFTING SCALES, ADJUSTING LENSES: A FRAMEWORK FOR INVESTIGATING BALTIMORE’S URBAN VACANCY(2016) Mohamed, Amina Ibrahim; Chanse, Victoria; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This thesis addresses contemporary gaps of vacancy within literature by using qualitative and quantitative methods and tools to determine the quantity, location, and interspatial relationships of vacant buildings and lots located in Baltimore Maryland. Spatial analyses were conducted to answer three questions of vacancy: 1) how many vacant lots and buildings exist, 2) whether there are spatial patterns of vacancy, such as clustering around geographic locations or within watersheds, and 3) how to prioritize intervention opportunities that respond to the city's larger issues? Using the city’s vacant lot and building data-sets, two concepts emerged from these investigations. First, Utilized Landscapes as a classification system that identifies lands that serve a function but have un-traditional qualities that make them susceptible to being labeled “vacant.” Second, the development of Transitional Zones, geographical areas with a high density of vacant buildings or lots that should be prioritized.Item Shifting Gears: Exploring Parametric Design to Renovate an Urban Waterfront(2014) Jester, Paul Edward; Cook, Kelly D; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)A powerful tool currently being used by architects and planners, parametric design has yet to be embraced by landscape architects. Through research and design, this thesis seeks to answer two questions: what is parametric design and how can it benefit the field of landscape architecture? Looking at historical and present-day sources, the evolution of computer aided design has been drawn out leading to the emergence of parametric design. An explanation and analysis of parametric tools, including a series of case studies, has been conducted to show how these tools are presently being utilized by designers. Utilizing parametric methods and tools, a design proposal was created to renovate a waterfront site in Baltimore, MD that focused on highlighting the city history and promoting health for the local residents and inner harbor.Item Who Participates in the Voluntary Cleanup Program: Lessons from Baltimore City(CANRP, 2012-06-22) Alberini, Anna; Guignet, DennisIf the sheer size of land endowment is an indicator of an economy’s potential, then the United States is fortunate indeed. However, there exist land tracts, in urban and rural areas, which are left unused due to concerns about the presence of potential contamination. The technical jargon for industrial sites which have suffered this fate is ‘brownfield’; it makes a lot of sense to clean up these brownfields and reuse them for industry or other productive activities. However, the liability regime imposed by federal and state hazardous waste programs in the US may actually discourage the purchase and reuse of contaminated or potentially contaminated sites. Recently, policymakers have come up with a plethora of programs to offer incentives for cleanup and reuse of brownfields. Dr. Anna Alberini and graduate student Dennis Guignet examined one such program, the Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP), and analyze the features of the sites which use this program (and the sites which are eligible but do not use it). Additionally, they also look into the redevelopment potential of the above mentioned VCP parcels.Item COMMUNITY BASED APPROACHES TO STORMWATER DESIGN IN A BALTIMORE NEIGHBORHOOD(2012) Clarkwest, Jennifer Zoe; Chanse, Victoria; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This interdisciplinary research-design thesis explores the role of resident engagement in developing a design criteria for urban stormwater runoff design solutions, urban greening, and activating public spaces in the urbanized McElderry Park neighborhood of Baltimore. Drawing upon stakeholder and resident interviews, community workshops, resident working groups, and site observations and analysis the designer developed design criteria for site interventions as well as neighborhood-wide programming elements. Residents identify jobs, safety and health as primary concerns. Beyond harvesting stormwater, site interventions must provide safety, education, entrepreneurial opportunities, exercise, etc. Building on community input, the design interventions proposed by the designer are site specific, but the intervention types are readily adaptable. The overall design process and programming strategies apply to a variety of urban sites. Given the amount of stormwater managed by the interventions, the potential jobs created by the interventions, and other benefits provided to residents, the model merits field testing at the neighborhood scale.Item Wildness as Infrastructure(2012) Moyer, Kimberly Jean; Sullivan, Jack; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)An interesting line of tension happens when wildness is physically juxtaposed with order. This tension is an emblematic feature of the urban wildscape. This research/design thesis explores ways to inject qualities of wildness into the urban environment where order, functionality, and safety are a necessary part of the landscape. The exploration is primarily focused on aesthetics; the full engagement of the senses in the perception of the environment. Nevertheless, the sustainability of urban wildscapes has important implications for its survivability. With appropriate research and design, a degraded urban landscape can be transformed into a minimal maintenance wildscape. The goal of this project is to identify design parameters and apply them to a specific place: Baltimore's "Highway to Nowhere" with designed acts of intervention and a restrained approach to maintenance. The intent of these interventions is to encourage a predictable succession of urban wildlife habitats with varying levels of human presence.