Theses and Dissertations from UMD
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/2
New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a give thesis/dissertation in DRUM
More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.
Browse
23 results
Search Results
Item GENERATING SYNERGIES: Reimagining Post-Industrial Waterfront as a Sustainable Live-Work-Play Community(2024) Lee, Jihee; Ainslie, Adam; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The Earth’s climate has changed throughout history, but the current rate of change is unprecedented and largely driven by human activities like fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and industrial processes. These release greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat from the sun, causing the planet to warm. Power plants, particularly those fueled by fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, are major contributors to climate change. Their operations emit a significant amount of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, and they are responsible for around 27% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Such environmental concerns and the comparably short lifespan of the infrastructure has led to an increasing number of abandoned facilities. In response to these issues, this thesis proposes a radical transformation: repurposing abandoned power plants as an epicenter of clean energy innovation and environmental research. Transformed from symbols of pollution, the structures now serve as catalysts for change, unpacking the narrative shift from degraded wastelands to a seed of a sustainable future. The key lies not just in technology but in the collective efforts of diverse minds and backgrounds. Through a vibrant co-working space, interconnecting engineers, scientists, and community members, their expertise harmonizes to create synergies, leading to solutions that mitigate the severity of climate change.Item EKO RESILIENCE – (RE)DESIGNING RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITIES THAT ARE RESILIENT FOR THE URBAN POOR IN LAGOS, THE COASTAL CITY.(2024) AJAERO, UCHEYA; Simon, Madlen G; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This thesis addresses the urgent need for resilient community housing solutions in Lagos, where there is a growing deficit of well-designed, affordable, and accessible homes, particularly for the low-income population. The research recognizes the challenges of urban decay, transportation issues, and flooding, disproportionately affecting the poor. In Lagos, the complex interdependence of rich and poor social networks is evident, with low-income individuals often residing in slums near high-income neighborhoods or facing long commutes. The thesis aims to go beyond providing shelter and explores how affordable housing can contribute to overall urban resilience. Emphasizing four critical criteria, the research aims to show how affordable housing can support social and economic structures, reduce vulnerability to environmental risks, enhance personal security, and empower communities for self-governance. The thesis adopts a comprehensive approach, considering the broader social, economic, ecological, and political dynamics in the quest for resilient housing solutions.Item Adaptable Housing: A Sustainable Architectural Solution to Informal Settlements in the Caribbean(2020) Reid , Shanek; Bell, Matthew; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This thesis explores design challenges and conceptual solutions as they relate to residential building forms within urban slum environments- specifically those found in the Caribbean region. It examines the roles of the house, form, and culture surrounding the place and people of Jamaica; using a comparative analysis of historical and current housing models to inform anew, this thesis proposes an economically and socially sustainable redevelopment plan for the house and the block in Trenchtown, Kingston, Jamaica. This culminating graduate project raises questions about the potential to formally design for informality, about the role of the architect in the community, and about the preservation of cultural identities made evident through the tangibility of the built environment. Above all else, this thesis advocates for the socio-economic growth of individuals and communities residing below the poverty rate, using architectural design and urban planning as a catalyst for advancement.Item The Pinkaiti Partnership: A Case Study of Transnational Research and Education in the Brazilian Amazon(2021) Aruch, Matthew; Lin, Jing; Education Policy, and Leadership; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)In 1991, Barbara Zimmerman visited the Mẽbêngôkre-Kayapó community of A’Ukre. A’Ukre and Zimmerman came up with an idea to create the Pinkaiti Ecological Research Station (Pinkaiti) within the federally demarcated Kayapó Indigenous Territories in Brazil’s Pará state. Pinkaiti was conceptualized to: (1) preserve Kayapó forests; (2) strengthen Kayapó culture; (3) create an economic alternative to regional mahogany logging; (4) initiate a tropical ecology research program; and (5) strengthen Kayapó transnational networks. After leaving A’Ukre, Zimmerman recruited Conservation International, an international environmental nongovernmental organization (NGO) as an institutional partner. The “Pinkaiti Partnership” has since evolved into a research and education-based multi-stakeholder partnership that includes a transnational network of community, NGO, university, and government actors. Over time, the partnership moved through four eras of activity: initiation (1991-1995); early research (1995-2000); international research (2000-2004); and the field course (2004 – present). Using an embedded comparative case study methodology, this dissertation unpacks the trajectory of stakeholder groups (A’Ukre community, NGOs, universities) as units of analysis to discuss the structure, process, and outcomes of partnership activities across partnership eras. To analyze partnership dynamics, I use Pinkaiti as a boundary object to trace Pinkaiti partner interactions across horizontal, vertical, and transversal axes. As a boundary object, Pinkaiti takes on multiple meanings and forms, depending on its use and context, as it is activated simultaneously or independently by one or more partnership actors. Partnership actors engage one another by navigating cultural, geographic, institution, or knowledge passage points. By tracing each actor group’s trajectory through the lens of Pinkaiti, the study illustrates how boundary objects both permit and restrict transnational collaboration. At the same time, the study reveals both the opportunities and limits of boundary objects as a conceptual tool. Boundary objects can be useful for tracking histories, clarifying the big picture, highlighting feedback loops, and illuminating invisible work. On the other hand, the Pinkaiti study shows that boundary objects can be limited in scope, reflect designer biases, and reinforce unequal power dynamics. Still, the Pinkaiti Partnership suggests important takeaways for actors interested in the design, implementation, or evaluation of education or research-based transnational partnership work.Item The City Symbiotic: Integrating Architecture and Hydrology in the Public Realm(2021) Piltz, Shayne Michelle; Bell, Matthew J; Hendricks, Marccus; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This thesis approaches climate resilience through a comprehensive urban-scale system that incorporates integrated stormwater management to address sea-level rise and urban flooding, while leveraging the power of community as a tool for environmental stewardship. The City Symbiotic has dual notions. At its core, the concept alludes to a mutually beneficial relationship between the built and natural environment. This thesis will be an exploration of designing with water through the lens of climate resilience. Built structures will incorporate an integrated stormwater management network for capturing, filtering, storing, and reusing water, bettering our understanding of the symbiotic relationship between the built and natural environment by blurring the line between the two. The City Symbiotic is also a reference to the relationship between people and their environment. In this respect, this thesis approaches climate resilience through community and connection. Climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities that are the result of historical planning failures like Euclidean and exclusionary zoning, urban disinvestment, car-centric planning, environmental racism, and displacement. Reimagining the civic commons as a more inclusive and resilient center of public life can help redress marginalization and inspire environmental stewardship. The outcome of this thesis will demonstrate the value of symbiotic urban design, connecting the built, natural, and human environments to build resilience to water-related impacts of climate change.Item THE ROLE OF SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT CARDS IN TRANSDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION AND ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE(2020) Nguyen, Vanessa Vargas; Dennison, William C; Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Addressing sustainability challenges and overcoming environmental problems requires fundamental societal changes. However, communicating these issues and convincing people to act is challenging. One emerging science communication tool that can accommodate this need is boundary-spanning report cards. Report cards were originally used as a tool for assessing and communicating ecosystem health conditions, but there are a growing number of report cards that incorporate socio-economic values. My dissertation focuses on investigating the role of socio-environmental report cards in addressing sustainability challenges. My research question was centered around whether considering human dimensions and understanding the links between natural and social components of socio-environmental systems can lead to a productive collaboration. This collaboration can lead to positive actions that contribute to a sustainable future. My research has two major themes:1) Evaluation of report cards and 2) Evolution of the report card process. First, I found that report cards from a diversity of locations can lead to environmental literacy and promote sustainable actions and positive environmental change. Then, using the Mississippi River Watershed report card as a case study, I demonstrated that report cards are boundary objects that can serve as a platform for transdisciplinary collaboration and serve as a catalyst for collective action. I also established that various report cards in the Chesapeake Bay watershed were able to enhance adaptive governance by facilitating continual learning and cross-scale exchange of information between different organizations. My results highlighted the evolution of report cards from a product created to increase awareness and education about environmental issues, to a process that engages stakeholders. My conclusion is that report cards should include both social and environmental indicators and the process needs to be stakeholder-driven and action-oriented. I developed a framework and a theory of change to guide how socio-environmental report cards can address sustainability challenges and applied it in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. By creating a holistic assessment that balances environmental, economic, and social concerns, socio-environmental report cards incorporate multiple perspectives from multisectoral actors. Thus, socio-environmental report cards can enhance adaptive governance and provide the foundation for collaborative solutions for sustainable resource management.Item INCREASING EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY SYSTEMS USING BIOCHAR FOR HYDROGEN SULFIDE CONTROL AND LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT(2019) Choudhury, Abhinav; Lansing, Stephanie; Environmental Science and Technology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The research aim was to increase energy production efficiency and reduce the environmental impacts of waste-to-energy technologies, specifically anaerobic digestion (AD) of dairy manure (DM) and combustion of poultry litter (PL). The first objective was co-digestion of DM with gummy vitamin waste (GVW) to increase methane (CH4) yield. The GVW co-digestion treatments significantly increased CH4 yield by 126% - 151% compared to DM-only treatment and significantly decreased the H2S concentration in the biogas by 66% - 83% compared to DM-only. The second objective was understanding the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) scrubber management, operation, and maintenance parameters on H2S removal efficiency. Even though the capital and operating costs for the two H2S scrubbing systems in this study were low (< $1500/year), they showed ineffective performance due to insufficient air injection, substitution of proprietary iron oxide-based H2S adsorbents for cheaper alternatives, and the lack of dedicated operators. The third objective was adsorption of H2S using Fe-impregnated biochar as a substitute for activated carbon (AC). Fe-impregnation of biochar led to a 4.3-fold increase in the H2S adsorption capacity compared to AC. When compared to unimpregnated biochars, Fe-impregnation led to an average 3.2-fold increase in the H2S adsorption capacity. The fourth objective was in-situ use of biochar in AD to remove H2S. In-situ biochar addition at the highest dose (1.82 g biochar/g manure total solids (TS)) resulted in an average H2S removal efficiency of 91.2%. Biochar particle size had no significant effect on H2S reduction. In-situ addition of Fe-impregnated biochar resulted in an average H2S removal efficiency of 98.5%. The fifth objective was a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a PL fluidized bed combustion (FBC) system. The LCA assessment showed that heating poultry houses using heat obtained from the combustion of PL in the FBC system had 32% lower climate change potential (CCP) compared to use of propane for heating poultry houses. However, analyzing the FBC system under a net positive electrical output scenario resulted in 66% less impact on CCP and a 48 – 98% reduction in environmental impacts compared to the previous scenario with net electricity input.Item DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION OF A MINDFULNESS FOCUSED NUTRITION PROMOTION PROGRAM TO BALANCE USDA SCHOOL NUTRITION GOALS WITH FOOD WASTE REDUCTION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS(2019) Schachtner-Appel, Amy Elizabeth; Song, Hee-Jung; Nutrition; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Healthy school meals offer numerous benefits for elementary school students, but low produce intake and high rates of waste prevent students from experiencing these benefits. This research aimed to create a mindful and sustainable eating intervention to encourage reduced waste and increased produce intake during lunch. The study was conducted using a mixed-methods triangulation approach for formative research, creation of a behavioral model to design a theory based intervention, and pilot test of the resulting program using a quasi-experimental controlled design. Formative findings, gathered from 50 3rd-5th grade focus group participants, 15 in-depth interviews with school staff, and 9 cafeteria observations supported the use of social cognitive theory (SCT) to explain eating behaviors and emphasized the importance of involving student leaders and creating environmental reinforcements. Pilot intervention approaches included delivery of an education curriculum, dissemination of messages by student leaders, cafeteria environment changes, and creation of a food recovery program. Measurements included observation of kindergarten – 5th grade lunches at baseline and follow-up (n = 162) to estimate foods selected, consumed, and wasted, survey of 3rd – 5th grade students at baseline and follow-up (n = 169) to measure psychosocial changes related to mindful and sustainable eating, and periodic food waste audits (n = 8) to monitor school-level plate waste. Baseline results showed students consumed only 36-42% of vegetables selected and 64-67% of fruit selected. At follow-up, intervention students selected more produce than controls (1.09 vs. 0.64 servings of vegetables; 1.32 vs. 1.06 servings of fruit). Similarly, they consumed more produce (0.51 vs. 0.33 servings of vegetables; 0.94 vs. 0.70 servings of fruit) than controls. Intervention students trended toward reduced vegetable waste while maintaining selection, whereas controls decreased selection substantially. Intervention students experienced significant increase in self-efficacy to base lunch choices on body cues. Higher produce consumption and lower waste were predicted by improved intentions to eat healthfully. Overall, the program successfully improved intake and trends indicate potential to reduce waste. Findings support expansion of the program, with potential to improve nutritional status of students and reduce the environmental impact of school meals.Item An American River: Discourses of Ecocatastrophe, Sustainability, and Belonging in the Potomac River Basin and Beyond(2019) Kier, Bailey; Sies, Mary; American Studies; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)An American River: Discourses of Ecocatastrophe, Sustainability, and Belonging in the Potomac River and Beyond is a queer ecological intervention in American, Queer, Trans(Gender), and Popular Culture Studies. It critiques the primary reliance on the category of culture to analyze the ways media, science, public policy, and the state make knowledge assumptions about sex, gender, and reproduction to construct stories about environmental catastrophe, species, and kind. Transdisciplinary methods are used to uncover the ecologies, relations, adaptations, and resiliencies that might not otherwise be possibly investigated and known, and challenge conventional popular discourses of environmentalism and conservation in an effort to create the intellectual equivalent of biodiversity. Three distinct but interrelated cases are considered. First, an examination of the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Island interrogates how sex, gender and reproduction were intimately tied to discourses of wilderness, nature and nation, and the ways in which those concepts have been sanitized for consistency with modern sensibilities about an appropriate memorial for an “environmental” president. Next, a consideration of the popular discourse around the emergence of “transgender fish” in the Potomac River leads to an analysis of how trans-related language and concepts can be used to enrich human understanding of transformations and interactions across ecologies, species, and populations. I offer “interdependent ecological transsex” as a term broadly defined through a hormonal, metabolistic, and adaptive prism to imagine other bodies—not just transsexual human bodies, but fish, bodies of water, and any other kind of body that experiences change in relation to a larger ecology. Third, I examine the possibilities for queering agriculture, or envisaging alternatives to mainstream rhetorics of agriculture, food security, and farming. An American River concludes arguing human knowledge about nature, environmentalism, race, reproduction, and transsexuality is laden in antroheterocentric assumptions about progress, degeneracy, and evolution that is problematic for ethically and equitably addressing social and environmental problems. A queer eco ethic is presented to offer ways humans might begin to imagine nature and the environment differently.Item EVALUATING THE BENEFITS, SUSTAINABILITY, AND RESILIENCE OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE ON A SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL HOME(2018) Thompson, Rhea Ava; Tilley, David; Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)With global populations becoming increasingly urbanized, green infrastructure (GI) is progressively being recognized as a sustainable approach to mitigating urban environmental problems. Unlike traditional ‘hard’ engineering approaches that historically viewed problems in isolation and solutions in singular terms, implementation of GI promises some deferment from the effects of urbanization by providing a multitude of benefits such as reduced stormwater runoff and flooding, decreased heat waves, and enlivened local environments and ecological habitats. These benefits are important considering many cities are projected to be more vulnerable to the effects of urbanization with climate change, especially as the vast amount of the global population lives in coastal urban environments. However, the diversity of GI benefits has not been fully characterized, and they are increasingly applied in residential settings. Furthermore, current research has not fully explored the beneficial role of GI in achieving sustainable and resilient communities. Using an Integrated Water: Energy Monitoring System measuring meteorological, water, and energy fluxes over two years (July 2014-June 2016) on a sustainable home in Rockville, Maryland, U.S., the following objectives were explored: (1) Examined how a sloped modular extensive green roof, constructed wetland and bioretention designed in-series affected site hydrology. Furthermore, we studied the effect of season, antecedent substrate water content, storm characteristics (size, intensity, frequency), and vegetation development (green roof only) on hydrological performance. (2) Characterized the seasonal thermal performance of the green roof (to the building and surrounding environment) relative to the cool roof. Evaluated how green roof thermal performance related to evapotranspiration, solar reflectance (albedo) and thermal conductance (U-value). Additionally, the effect of substrate water content, vegetation development, and microclimate on evapotranspiration, albedo and U-values was assessed. (3) Green roof evapotranspiration was measured and compared to values predicted with the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith model. Furthermore, the effects of substrate water content, vegetation characteristics and microclimate on evapotranspiration rates was also evaluated. (4) Finally, using emergy theory, GI sustainability and resilience relative to a gray wastewater system and natural forest was explored.
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »