Theses and Dissertations from UMD
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New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a give thesis/dissertation in DRUM
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Item Dancing Architecture: A Formal Approach to Translating Movement and Dance(2017) Kim, Karen; Ambrose, Michael A; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Dance is an outlet that teaches empathy and inspires people to communicate their stories through body movement. Architecture has the same ability to tell stories. I also contend that architecture made of representational narrative in the use of metaphorical forms and tectonics has the ability to teach and communicate. I believe there is a need for architecture to be more open and educational. Methods and lessons of dance will be applied embodied in ways to induce learning to my architectural thesis. Precedents emphasizing graphic representations of dance movements will support the idea of instructive design. This investigation will entail the work of Étienne-Jules Marey, pioneer of using graphical techniques to depict sequential movement of the human body, and the work of Eadweard Muybridge, an innovator of photographic studies of motion. The work of my thesis will be to conceive of places for people to congregate, where social and cultural intersections will foster an inspiration for movement or interaction.Item Mark-Recapture Assessment of the Recreational Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) Harvest in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland(2016) Semmler, Robert Semmler; Reaka, Marjorie L; Hines, Anson H; Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)In Maryland, commercial blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) harvests are monitored through mandatory, annual harvest reporting, but no monitoring exists for recreational fishers. This study used a large-scale mark-recapture program to assess relative exploitation between the recreational and commercial fishing sectors in 15 harvest reporting areas of Maryland, then incorporated movement information and extrapolated reported commercial harvest data to generate statewide estimates of recreational harvest. Results indicate spatial variation in recreational fishing, with a majority of recreational harvests coming from tributaries of the Western Shore and the Wye and Miles Rivers on the Eastern Shore. Statewide, recreational harvest has remained 8% as large as commercial harvest despite management changes in 2008, and remains a larger proportion (12.8%) of male commercial harvest. In addition, this study provides detailed spatial information on recreational harvest and the first information on rates of exchange of male crabs among harvest reporting areas.Item Prosthetic Architecture: Enabling Connection, Movement, and Empowerment(2016) Flinn, Rachel; Rockcastle, Garth; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This thesis explores the relationship between body and architecture through a metaphorical and literal analysis of prosthetic devices. The thesis questions how the relationship between prosthetics and architecture can inform the design of a building that enables connection, movement and empowerment for its occupants. Driving questions of investigation include: How can a building enable growth, healing and wellbeing? , How can a building embody and reflect human growth and transformation? , and, How can a building enable equivalence between its users? The program of an inpatient prosthetic rehabilitation facility allows for the exploration of these questions and a study for how we can create spaces that influence rehabilitation and growth. Through body and prosthetics analysis the thesis explores what spaces are best for one to grow and develop in and study how concepts, such as connection, movement and empowerment can enable one and enhance one’s quality of life.Item A Movement Account of Long-Distance Reflexives(2013) McKeown, Rebecca Katherine; Hornstein, Norbert R; Linguistics; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This thesis examines reflexive pronouns, such as Icelandic sig (Cf. Thráinsson 2007), which may be bound from outside of an infinitive clause (which I call MD "medium distance" binding) in addition to being bound locally. I propose that such reflexives are linked to their antecedents via sisterhood followed by movement: the reflexive and antecedent are first merged together as sisters, and the antecedent subsequently moves to receive its first theta-role, as schematized below: 1. He ordered Harold to shave he+sig This links the properties of bound simplex reflexives to the properties of movement. I argue that reflexives such as sig must be bound within the first finite clause because finite CP is a spell-out domain and its escape hatch is inaccessible to A-movement. Furthermore, I derive the subject-orientation of sig and other simplex reflexives from merge-over-move, combined with a numeration divided into phases including vP. Since the antecedent is moving into its first theta-role, and merge is preferable to move, the antecedent will end up in the highest position in the phase: that is, the subject. I then examine long-distance (LD) uses of sig as well as Chinese ziji, Japanese zibun, and Kannada tannu. I propose that in such cases the reflexive still has a double, which is not the antecedent but a null element, possibly an operator. It undergoes A' movement to a position in the left periphery of a finite clause, associated with point-of- view (with a divided left periphery as in Speas 2004)--and this operator is in turn associated with an antecedent either outside the finite clause, or outside the sentence entirely. This accounts for the observation that LD reflexives often must refer to POV holders (Sells 1987). Evidence for LD reflexives being mediated by an A' position comes from the interaction of binding with wh-movement in Kannada (Lidz 2008), and is one way of describing where blocking effects do and do not occur in Chinese (Anand 2006). Furthermore, in Japanese there are sometimes overt morphemes, potentially left- periphery heads, that indicate POV and can co-occur with the use of LD reflexives (Nishigauchi 2005, 2010).Item Relating Movement and Adjunction in Syntax and Semantics(2010) Hunter, Timothy; Weinberg, Amy; Linguistics; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)In this thesis I explore the syntactic and semantic properties of movement and adjunction in natural language, and suggest that these two phenomena are related in a novel way. In a precise sense, the basic pieces of grammatical machinery that give rise to movement, also give rise to adjunction. In the system I propose, there is no atomic movement operation and no atomic adjunction operation; the terms "movement" and "adjunction" serve only as convenient labels for certain combinations of other, primitive operations. As a result the system makes non-trivial predictions about how movement and adjunction should interact, since we do not have the freedom to stipulate arbitrary properties of movement while leaving the properties of adjunction unchanged, or vice-versa. I focus first on the distinction between arguments and adjuncts, and propose that the differences between these two kinds of syntactic attachment can be thought of as a transparent reflection of the differing ways in which they contribute to neo-Davidsonian logical forms. The details of this proposal rely crucially on a distinctive treatment of movement, and from it I derive accurate predictions concerning the equivocal status of adjuncts as optionally included in or excluded from a maximal projection, and the possibility of counter-cyclic adjunction. The treatment of movement and adjunction as interrelated phenomena furthermore enables us to introduce a single constraint that subsumes two conditions on extraction, namely adjunct island effects and freezing effects. The novel conceptions of movement and semantic composition that underlie these results raise questions about the system's ability to handle semantic variable-binding. I give an unconventional but descriptively adequate account of basic quantificational phenomena, to demonstrate that this important empirical ground is not given up. More generally, this thesis constitutes a case study in (i) deriving explanations for syntactic patterns from a restrictive, independently motivated theory of compositional semantics, and (ii) using a computationally explicit framework to rigourously investigate the primitives and consequences of our theories. The emerging picture that is suggested is one where some central facts about the syntax and semantics of natural language hang together in a way that they otherwise would not.Item spatial and temporal characteristics of electromagnetic activity in the brain prior to reaches to visual targets(2010) Bonin, Claudia; simon, jonathan z; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The electromagnetic activity in the brain associated with the preparation of reaching movements has been studied extensively in monkeys using direct cell recordings from neurons and in humans using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The research presented here extends those lines of investigation into human reaching movements using magnetoencephalography in order to include higher frequencies of activation not available through EEG and temporal resolution not available through fMRI. supplemental materials included in a separate file.Item Island repair and non-repair by PF strategies(2009) Nakao, Chizuru; Hornstein, Norbert R; Lasnik, Howard; Linguistics; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Since Ross (1967), it has been observed that there are configurations from which otherwise unbounded movement operations cannot occur, and they are called islands. Ellipsis and resumption are known to have a peculiar property to `repair' island violations. Each chapter of this thesis discusses a case of ellipsis/resumption to examine in what cases movement out of an island becomes licit by those strategies. Chapter 2 discusses the elliptical construction called sluicing, and argues for the PF-deletion analysis of sluicing (Merchant 2001, originated from Ross 1969). I will show that ECP violations made by adjunct sluicing cannot be repaired by sluicing, unlike island violations. I will thus argue that island violations are PF-violations while ECP violations are LF violations, and that PF-deletion ameliorates only PF-deletion. Chapter 3 examines properties of stripping and argues that stripping is derived by focus movement followed by PF-deletion. I try to attribute the lack of island repair under ellipsis in stripping to the fact that focus movement is not usually overt in English. Covert movement is derived by a weak feature (Chomsky 1995), but when a focused material is included in the PF-deletion site, it undergoes last resort PF-movement to satisfy the recoverability of deletion. I claim that this PF-movement is incompatible with island-repair, speculating that island violations are ameliorated at spell-out, and post-spell-out movement is `too late' to be repaired. Chapter 4 reviews properties of Japanese sluicing, and introduces Hiraiwa and Ishihara's (2002) analysis where Japanese sluicing is derived from what they call "no da" in-situ focus construction. Under this analysis, the sluiced wh-phrase undergoes focus movement, followed by clausal deletion. I adopt the analysis of stripping to Japanese sluicing, claiming that this is another instance of the last resort focus movement at PF, which cannot ameliorate island violations. Chapter 5 discusses properties of Left Node Raising (LNR) in Japanese. Based on the fact that simple LNR shows properties distinct from Null Object Construction (NOC), I claim that LNR involves ATB-movement rather than NOC. However, the second gap of LNR behaves like a pronoun only when included inside an island. I claim that this is an instance of null resumptive pronoun.Item Separating the Effects of Group Size, Density, and Enclosure Size on Movement and Use of Space in Domestic Fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus)(2008-04-24) Leone, Erin Hoerl; Estevez, Inmaculada; Animal Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This project was designed to separate the confounded effects of group size, density, and enclosure size, and to examine the role of enclosure design and its related parameters in shaping movement patterns and use of space in the domestic fowl. While previous research has suggested that group size, density, and enclosure size are highly relevant to broiler (meat-type chicken) welfare, confounding between variables makes their individual contribution difficult to distinguish. My novel treatment structure with 10, 20, and 30 birds in small (1.5 m2), medium (3.0 m2), and large (4.5 m2) enclosures enabled me to determine the impact of enclosure size while systematically controlling for group size and density. Three enclosure designs: rectangular, square, and square with partitions to maintain a constant perimeter to area ratio, were employed in order to determine the impact of enclosure parameters such as length to width and perimeter to area ratio. Enclosure size and design were the most relevant factors for space use, which was immune to the influence of group size and density. Birds consistently had larger home ranges in larger enclosures. The design of the enclosure had a strong effect of movement, altering the response of birds to the treatment combinations. Movement appeared to be greatest in rectangular enclosures, where the largest straight-line distance is available and the perimeter to area ratio declines at a relatively slow rate with increasing enclosure size. While enclosure size played a significant role in determining nearest neighbor distances and net displacement, these parameters appeared to be limited by density. The presence of partitions designed to increase interior perimeter space appeared to reduce movement and increase inactivity. Movement patterns did not appear to be restricted by social interactions for any group size. Rather, the physical presence of group mates at even a relatively low density of 6.7 birds/ m2 appeared to act as a barrier to group dispersal and movement. Group size had little effect on young domestic fowl. Overall, this project has shown that for young domestic fowl the most relevant factors to overall space use are the amount of space available and enclosure design.Item Fish movement, habitat selection, and stream habitat complexity in small urban streams(2006-08-04) Cushman, Susan Flanders; Morgan II, Raymond P; Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Urbanization impacts have become more evident in the last 30-50 years, due to human population increase and subsequent land use change. Many aspects of stream ecosystems are influenced including hydrology, geomorphology, water quality, ecosystem function, riparian vegetation, and stream biota. Effects of urbanization on ecosystem structure and function are discussed, and the urban stream syndrome is introduced in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 reports differences in stream fish assemblages in the eastern Piedmont and Coastal Plain of Maryland, USA due to urbanization, and establishes a foundation for hypotheses presented in subsequent chapters. Chapter 3 describes a physical habitat survey that attempts to understand what instream and channel habitat attributes change across the urban-rural gradient (0-81% urban land use; ULU). While changes in stream habitat appear at 30% ULU, significant impacts occurred once a watershed has >45% ULU, at which point stream channels can not accommodate the power and intensity of impervious surface runoff. Fish habitat patch selection is examined in Chapter 4, which involved instream habitat manipulation experiments. I tested fish selection response of instream habitat using three treatments (woody debris, shade, and both) in first order urban (>60% ULU), suburban (27-46% ULU), and rural (<15% ULU) eastern Piedmont streams in Maryland. Blacknose dace (BND) Rhinichthys atratulus and creek chub (CKB) Semotilus atromaculatus selected shade and woody debris combined significantly more than other treatments in rural and suburban streams. Urban fish selected the shade treatment the most of all enhancements. CKB who selected the enhancement were significantly larger than those found in the control. Urban fish prefer shaded habitat providing overhead protection due to the general lack of habitat complexity in urban channels. CKB behavior may indicate intraspecific competition, particularly between juvenile and adult individuals for prime habitat positions. Chapter 5 presents a fish movement study, comparing rural and urban fish population behaviors. Urban BND and CKB displayed significantly larger home ranges than rural fish. The rural fish movement distribution was more leptokurtic. Competitive interactions are suggested as the reason for greater movement in urban stream populations. Finally, conclusions are submitted with significant findings in Chapter 6.Item Thematically Driven Movement in Japanese: A Study of Psych Verb Constructions(2004-04-30) Motomura, Mitsue; Hornstein, Norbert; LinguisticsThe general aim of this thesis is to provide support for the claim that movement can be driven by theta-features, advanced by Bokovič (1994), Hornstein (1999, 2001), Manzini and Russo (2000), and O'Neil (1997) among others, through a study of Japanese Psych Verb constructions that exhibit interesting peculiarities. In some psych verb constructions, theta-roles are projected in an order that diverges from the canonical order found in other dyadic constructions. The theme role of Object Experiencer (OE) verbs is realized in the subject position of the sentence, while the experiencer role is linked to the object position. On the other hand, Subject Experiencer (SE) verbs map the theme role to the object position while the experiencer role is realized in the subject position. Given that in general experiencers are mapped to the subject/external argument position, OE verb constructions raise some critical issues for the Principles and Parameters theory (Chomsky, 1981), in particular for the theories of argument structure. The first goal of the thesis is to provide a solution to this linking puzzle as well as other peculiarities of OE verbs in Minimalist terms. In particular, I claim that the subject of an OE verb sentence is derived by thematically driven movement. By allowing such movement, the inverse linking pattern, backward binding phenomenon, and scope patterns of OE verbs can be accounted for straightforwardly. The second goal is to investigate the structures of SE verbs and OE verbs and how they are related one another. I propose that an OE verb is a mono-clausal causative, composed of an SE verb base and a causative morpheme -sase, and that SE verbs are bare VPs without vP projection. This amounts to saying that SE verbs do not project the external argument. It is shown that SE verbs do not allow passivization, supporting the claim that SE verbs do not project the external argument.