UMD Theses and Dissertations

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/3

New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a given thesis/dissertation in DRUM.

More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.

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    Experimental Investigation of Liquid and Gas Fueled Flames Towards the Development of a Burning Rate Emulator (BRE) for Microgravity Applications
    (2012) Bustamante, Michael; Sunderland, Peter B; Quintiere, James G; Fire Protection Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Laminar steady burning on flat plates was studied at various orientations with respect to gravity. Flat wicks were saturated with methanol or ethanol. Steady flames were obtained, and ranged from boundary layer flames to plume-type burning. Maximum burning rate per unit area was recorded at an upward inclination of 30º. Mass flux decreased with increasing wick length for all orientations. Dimensionless correlations, using a Rayleigh number and the orientation angle, collapsed most of the data, but not for the horizontal and vertical cases. The measured heat flux correlated with expected averages based on burning rate data; theoretical results were similar but radiation likely affected the wicks results. Gas burner flame stand-off distances when emulating methanol flames were in reasonable agreement, showing similarities in laminar, onset of turbulent flow, and boundary layer separation. 0g ethanol wick flames from drop tower testing and airplane testing are shown.
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    Analysis and Measurement of Candle Flame Shapes
    (2008-05-07) Tabaka, Gregory Allen; Sunderland, Peter B; Quintiere, James G; Fire Protection Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    A combined analytical and experimental study was performed to produce and validate a method by which the lengths and widths of flames burning on wax candles can be predicted. Two analogies are drawn: first, that heat transfer from the wick can be modeled as a slender vertical rod undergoing a natural convection process surrounded by a stagnant film; and second, that fuel pyrolyzed from the wick surface that remains unburned until above the wick can be modeled as flow from a circular port burner. Empirical correlations applied to the theoretical equations have produced reasonable agreement with measured flame lengths and widths for paraffin candles.
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    Flame Extinction and Air Vitiation Effects In FDS In Poorly Ventilated Compartment Fires
    (2005-08-15) Hu, Zhixin; Trouvé, Arnaud; Fire Protection Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Compartment fires with different ventilation conditions exhibit different dynamical behaviors, ranging from steady fuel-limited fires to unsteady air-limited fires. Numerical simulations are here performed to study compartment fires in a configuration corresponding to a scaled-down model developed at University of Maryland, in which experimental data are available. The simulations use Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) developed by National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST). Four different cases are studied that are representative of different fire conditions: steady over-ventilated fires; steady under-ventilated fires; and unsteady fires with partial flame quenching; unsteady fires leading to total flame quenching. To account for air vitiation and flame extinction effects, a new flame extinction model is developed and integrated into FDS. It is found that the new model improves the numerical predictions and offers the potential of a better representation of the flame dynamics and upper-layer gas composition.