UMD Theses and Dissertations
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/3
New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a given thesis/dissertation in DRUM.
More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.
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Item Marley's Resurrection: Reimagining an Anne Arundel County Community Hub(2024) Sanabia, Rafael Christopher; Cross, Marcus; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Shopping malls over the course of American history have served as key hubs for visitors (either local or distant) to shop, dine, and be entertained. Though many malls have evolved with time and society through the incorporation of modern architectural elements and consumer needs/amenities, several shopping malls have faced significant declines. The rise of online shopping, fast fashion, high maintenance costs, lack of modern consumer/community amenities/needs, and outdated environments are some of prevalent reasons that have caused these retail centers to fall victim to abandonment, neglect, continual ownership change, and financial issues– ultimately becoming “dead”. Exhibited distinctly by Marley Station Mall in Glen Burnie, Maryland, this historic community hub in Anne Arundel County is now an outdated, low tenant and visitor occupancy building that no longer serves its community efficiently. This thesis will explore the redevelopment of this historic dead mall site into a new, sustainable community hub that meets its community’s needs and supports the county’s general development plan, Plan2040 that will positively impact the future.Item Reimagining Vacant Assets with a Land Use Economy System: Design to deliver diverse benefits(2023) Marshall, Lauren EL; Sachs, Naomi A; Sullivan, Joe; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The City of Baltimore has more than 16,000 vacant structures awaiting demolition, and with more than 200 properties coming down each year, a surplus of vacant land it does not have the resources to maintain. These unmaintained vacant parcels erode already distressed neighborhoods, decreasing safety and serving as breeding grounds for unwanted pests. Current research shows that well designed and maintained projects on vacant properties can be community amenities, increasing adjacent property values, treating stormwater, lowering crime rates, reducing dangerous summer temperatures, and improving mental and physical health. There are vacant land restoration strategies in post-industrial cities across the United States that propose interventions ranging from installing raingardens to creating urban forests. What many of these strategies lack, however, is an intentional approach to designing a system for vacant land restoration that delivers key outcomes and creates conditions to attract the resources needed for implementation and maintenance. This lack often leaves cities struggling to find capital to address the glut of vacancies across the landscape. The specific objective of this project was to improve the lives of the people by strategically restoring vacant parcels through a systems-based approach. By employing a transdisciplinary research process rooted in community power sharing, this research uncovers key components to a vacant land restoration economy system in Baltimore. An assessment of groups interested in vacant land restoration offers a replicable methodology for uncovering desired outcomes from potential funders such as cleaner water, safer neighborhoods and jobs for underemployed people. The researchers then conducted a literature review to develop design strategies for delivering identified outcomes. These design guidelines were then applied to a vacant property in the Johnston Square neighborhood of Baltimore. A community engagement process co-designed with neighborhood leaders identified community desired outcomes and features for a vacant property then the research created designs in an iterative process with community members. Finally, the potential outcomes of that design were modeled using the National Green Values Calculator and the Community-enabled Lifecycle Analysis of Stormwater Infrastructure Costs, two models designed to look at social, economic, and environmental impacts of green infrastructure. This project advances the field of landscape architecture by offering a model by which planning and design can position vacant parcels to deliver critical benefits that create the conditions for public and private reinvestment. The project positions planning and design as tools to translate best available science in landscape processes into functional elements of places that support communities while delivering services and outcomes. This project has the potential to improve the quality of life for residents of Baltimore by delivering outcomes such as cleaner water, cooler temperatures, safer neighborhoods and jobs. It can also serve as a template for cities that are struggling with similar vacancy issues.Item Are Houston's Land Use Relationships Unique?(2021) Dorney, Christopher Leh; Knaap, Gerrit J; Urban and Regional Planning and Design; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)The city of Houston, Texas has been at the heart of a long-running debate in the United States on government’s proper role in the land development process. As the only large American city that never adopted a city-wide zoning ordinance, Houston is often cited as an example for why more or less government planning is needed. Some authors claim that Houston is an outlier when it comes to land use relationships, with strange land use juxtapositions quite prevalent. Other authors argue that zoning is largely redundant to market forces and that Houston’s land use relationships are not all that different from zoned cities. The purpose of this study is to inform this ongoing debate by undertaking a quantitative analysis of land use relationships across large American cities to determine if Houston’s are distinctive. The study develops several metrics to quantify land use relationships and uses principal component analysis to determine if Houston is an outlier. The findings indicate that Houston’s land use relationships are not substantially different from those of zoned cities.Item Jakarta Underwater: Rising Seas as Opportunity(2019) Gilmartin, Lauren Michelle; Eisenbach, Ronit; Hendricks, Marccus; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)According to the UN, by 2100 nearly 5.25 billion people will live in coastal megacities in the global south where infrastructure, energy production, and water management has not kept pace with rapid urbanization. It is projected that this mass global migration will occur in Asian and African cities that also have the highest risk of vulnerability to climate change effects. The most concerning of these is sea level rise that could displace billions of people and submerge entire cities. This global transformation threatens massive humanitarian crises, ecological degradation, destruction of historical and cultural treasures, and the global economy. This thesis proposes a solution that integrates city development, coastal infrastructure, and public resources by merging architectural innovations and planning to create a protected megacity with a high quality of life and resiliency. These solutions will ease the effects of sea level rise and offer a promise of a better future for the planet -- ultimately creating a net positive solution for coastal megacities of the future.Item URBAN DISCONNECT: URBAN COHOUSING AS SOLUTION TO SOCIAL ISOLATION(2018) Johnson-Williams, Malik-Jon E; Simon, Madlen; Lung-Amam, Willow; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)More than ever, Americans are experiencing the negative effects of infrequent social interaction and thinning social networks. However, the ‘loneliness epidemic’ is only one part of a greater issue facing the nation: the steady decline of community within America. The rise of social disconnection among Americans is further evidence that today’s communities can no longer be considered socially sustainable. Beginning with a literature review of social disconnection and social capital theory, this thesis will analyze social factors’ effect on individual and community health. Next, an analysis of alternative community models will be used to identify architectural strategies for promoting social interaction. Using the factors identified in both the literature review and precedent studies, a set of design guidelines for community development will be created. These guidelines for development will then be used to design a new urban community in the redeveloping business district in Wheaton, MarylandItem Demonstrating Cognition by Task Execution and Motion Planning with different algorithms for Manipulation(2018) DIMITRIADIS, DIMITRIOS; Baras, John S.; Electrical Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)In this Thesis we demonstrate the whole path until the manipulation and the planning of the Baxter Robot. We start by analyzing the kinematic analysis of a six degrees of freedom robot. We build our analysis starting from the Denavit-Hartenberg method. We proceed with the kinematic equations of the robot and with the inverse kinematics as well as with a kinematic simulation of its movement with matlab. In order to reach our final goal we continue with the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the Baxter robot. We again state the Denavit-Hartenberg matrix, but this time we continue by building the dynamic model of the Baxter robot through the Euler-Lagrange equations. Moving on, we explore planning algorithms. The knowledge of which will help us in order to finally be able to formulate our path planner for the Baxter robot. We experiment ourselves by implementing four planning algorithms in different path planning problems. We construct the RRT and the RRT* algorithms in Python and we process them in different planning problems. Moving on, we also implement a planning problem in which Q-Learning and Sarsa algorithms are being used. We demonstrate how those two planning and learning algorithms work in our specified problem and we compare our results. Having knowledge on dynamic and kinematic robotic analysis and planning and motion planning algorithms we then experiment ourselves with the Baxter simulator on Gazebo. Also we plan the Baxter robot with Moveit!, getting familiar with the use of ROS as well as with the software. We add obstacles in our world and we plan our Baxter robot measuring its speed. We finally build a different plan algorithm RRT+ by focusing on searching for a secure and realizable path plan starting from the lower dimension space and then adding degrees of freedom to our Baxter robot. Concluding, we have built the desired steps for someone in order to build up the required knowledge to deal with robots and artificial intelligence planning.Item Development of Planning And Evaluation Models For Superstreets(2016) Xu, Liu; Chang, Gang-Len; Civil Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Despite the extensive implementation of Superstreets on congested arterials, reliable methodologies for such designs remain unavailable. The purpose of this research is to fill the information gap by offering reliable tools to assist traffic professionals in the design of Superstreets with and without signal control. The entire tool developed in this thesis consists of three models. The first model is used to determine the minimum U-turn offset length for an Un-signalized Superstreet, given the arterial headway distribution of the traffic flows and the distribution of critical gaps among drivers. The second model is designed to estimate the queue size and its variation on each critical link in a signalized Superstreet, based on the given signal plan and the range of observed volumes. Recognizing that the operational performance of a Superstreet cannot be achieved without an effective signal plan, the third model is developed to produce a signal optimization method that can generate progression offsets for heavy arterial flows moving into and out of such an intersection design.Item Designing Happiness: Architecture and urban design for joy and well-being(2016) Habtour, Rebecca; Simon, Madlen; Architecture; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Scientific studies exploring the environmental and experiential elements that help boost human happiness have become a significant and expanding body of work. Some urban designers, architects and planners are looking to apply this knowledge through policy decisions and design, but there is a great deal of room for further study and exploration. This paper looks at definitions of happiness and happiness measurements used in research. The paper goes on to introduce six environmental factors identified in a literature review that have design implications relating to happiness: Nature, Light, Surprise, Access, Identity, and Sociality. Architectural precedents are examined and design strategies are proposed for each factor, which are then applied to a test case site and building in Baltimore, Maryland. It is anticipated that these factors and strategies will be useful to architects, urban designers and planners as they endeavor to design positive user experiences and set city shaping policy.Item Efficient People Movement through Optimal Facility Configuration and Operation(2013) Feng, Lei; Miller-Hooks, Elise; Civil Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)There are a variety of circumstances in which large numbers of people gather and must disperse. These include, for example, carnivals, parades, and other situations involving entrance to or exit from complex buildings, sport stadiums, commercial malls, and other type of facilities. Under these situations, people move on foot, commonly, in groups. Other circumstances related to large crowds involve high volumes of people waiting at transportation stations, airports, and other types of high traffic generation points. In these cases, a myriad of people need to be transported by bus, train, or other vehicles. The phenomenon of moving in groups also arises in these vehicular traffic scenarios. For example, groups may travel together by carpooling or ridesharing as a cost-saving measure. The movement of significant numbers of people by automobile also occurs in emergency situations, such as transporting large numbers of carless and mobility-impaired persons from the impacted area to shelters during evacuation of an urban area. This dissertation addresses four optimization problems on the design of facilities and/or operations to support efficient movement of large numbers of people who travel in groups. A variety of modeling approaches, including bi-level and nonlinear programming are applied to formulate the identified problems. These formulations capture the complexity and diverse characteristics that arise from, for example, grouping behavior, interactions in decisions by the system and its users, inconvenience constraints for passengers, and interdependence of strategic and operational decisions. These models aim to provide: (1) estimates of how individuals and groups distribute themselves over the network in crowd situations; (2) an optimal configuration of the physical layout to support large crowd movement; (3) an efficient fleet resource management tool for ridesharing services; and (4) tools for effective regional disaster planning. A variety of solution algorithms, including a meta-heuristic scheme seeking a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium, a multi-start tabu search with sequential quadratic programming procedure, and constraint programming based column generation are developed to solve the formulated problems. All developed models and solution methodologies were employed on real-world or carefully created fictitious examples to demonstrate their effectiveness.Item Evaluation-Focused Reliability Test Program Planning Methodology(2013) Tamburello, Robert Nicholas; Herrmann, Jeffrey W; Mechanical Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)In practice, various ad hoc approaches for designing reliability test programs have been observed. Many of these approaches rely on previously established rules of thumb for which the underlying rationale is indefensible. As a consequence, those who use such approaches are unlikely to maintain a firm resource commitment for the conduct of reliability test program activities. Furthermore, it is difficult to ascertain the impact that budgetary cuts will have on the adequacy of the reliability test program with any degree of accuracy. The contributions of this research are as follows. This dissertation presents a novel 7-step planning process to aid practitioners in designing adequate reliability test programs. This planning process serves as a tool to systematically identify, quantify, and mitigate evaluation risks subject to resource constraints. By performing the 7 steps associated with this planning process, practitioners will be able to logically justify reliability test program requirements and more effectively articulate the significance of evaluation risks associated with a particular reliability test program design. Additionally, it is a straightforward process to assess the impact of a reduction in reliability test program resources. This planning process includes a step for assessing the level of risk associated with key aspects of the reliability test program. One such consideration that is of paramount importance is the adequacy of the test configuration of the system. Hence, we present a simulation-based approach for assessing the adequacy of the test configuration of a complex system-of-systems. For the purpose of demonstration, an application of this approach to air defense systems is included; however, the approach is valid for any type of system. As well, this dissertation presents an evaluation risk assessment process for reliability test programs--adapted from the traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) process. This process can be applied to any reliability test program, irrespective of the manner in which the plan was formulated. Just as a FMEA facilitates the identification of potential weaknesses in a system architecture, this evaluation risk assessment process is designed to surface reliability test program weaknesses and gauge the potential impact of each weakness to the system reliability evaluation.