UMD Theses and Dissertations

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/3

New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a given thesis/dissertation in DRUM.

More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.

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    PAST AS PROLOGUE TO PEACE IN POST-GENOCIDE CAMBODIA: A STUDY OF MEMORY CONSTRUCTION AND MEMORY EDUCATION BY THE EXTRAORDINARY CHAMBERS IN THE COURTS OF CAMBODIA AND CAMBODIAN CIVIL SOCIETY
    (2022) Rappeport, Annie; Lin, Jing; Education Policy, and Leadership; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Genocides demonstrate the worst of humanity manifest and created difficult pasts for future generations to contend with. What societies choose to remember is one of the most crucial choices made in the aftermath of mass atrocities. Looking to the Khmer Rouge regime and genocide from 1975-1979, the role of transitional justice and civil society is pioneering new ways to educate and remember the genocidal past. Recently, memory and education relation to memory have been an emphasized part of transitional justice processes including prioritization set by the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) which was established in 2003 after much negotiation. The hybrid tribunal allocated significant funding and staffing towards outreach, education and survivor participation opportunities as a means to address and contend with the Khmer Rouge genocide. The following study centers the experiences of those on the frontlines of the work being done at the intersections of transitional justice (ECCC), civil society and education. The research features 25 in-depth interviews with key informants combined with a complementary document analysis. The key informants represent leaders in Cambodian scholarship, the tribunal process, education, NGO and civil society memory and peace work. The findings show many relevant lessons learned in relation to outreach programs, victim-centered transitional justice, culturally competent modes of reconciliation and education, participant centered archiving, the benefits of using performing arts and the function of moral and symbolic reparations in the Cambodian context. Keywords: Cambodia, Reconciliation, Transitional Justice, Peace Studies, Memory Studies, Genocide, Peace Education, Civil Society
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    The Ethnic Community: Urban Form, Peace, Conflict, and Violence in Urban India
    (2017) Adrianvala, Zubin; Baum, Howell S; Urban Studies and Planning; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    What causes some cities to have higher levels of ethnic violence than others do? This research explores whether the urban form affects the level of ethnic violence in a city. Here, the term urban form refers to identifiable physical characteristics of a city: paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. Contemporary understanding of the physical city, as a determinant of outcomes or even as a target in ethnic violence is very limited. Although ethnic conflict is a prominent global phenomenon, ethnic violence occurs in some narrow streets and crowded neighborhoods, but not others. In addition, social scientists have focused on the ethnicization of urban spaces, but its effect on levels of ethnic violence is largely unstudied. The central hypothesis is that cities where the urban form is “ethnicized” are more likely to experience violent ethnic conflict than cities where the urban form is largely shared, secular, or multi-ethnic. India is a rapidly urbanizing globalized country with much ethnic diversity, features typical of many post-colonial nations in the global Southeast. The study involved a simultaneous ethnographic, geographic, and spatial comparison of two Indian cities, Surat and Ahmedabad, and the Hindu-Muslim ethnic relations in those cities. Ahmedabad has experienced the most Hindu-Muslim violence of any Indian city (using number of violence-related deaths as a measure). In contrast, Surat has been peaceful. This disparity is especially interesting since Surat and Ahmedabad are part of the same Indian state with similar linguistic, political, and demographic features. These questions are addressed through an analysis of semi-structured interviews and cognitive mapping exercises. The study includes 66 respondents: 36 in Surat and 30 in Ahmedabad. The research concludes that the urban form is an important factor in ethnic conflict. This finding has several research and policy implications which include a shift in the way various practitioners operate in the urban context.