Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769
Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.
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Item Health Indicators of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders in the United States(2010) Moy, Karen L.; Sallis, James F.; David, Katrine J.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Improving Participation Rates for Women of Color in Health Research: The Role of Group Cohesion(2011) Smith-Ray, Renae L.; Mama, Scherezade; Reese-Smith, Jacqueline Y.; Estabrooks, Paul A.; Lee, Rebecca E.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Neighborhood characteristics favorable to outdoor physical activity: Disparities by socioeconomic and racial/ethnic composition(2010) Franzini, Luisa; Taylor, Wendell; Elliott, Marc N.; Cuccaro, Paula; Tortolero, Susan R.; Janice Gilliland, M.; Grunbaum, JoAnne; Schuster, Mark A.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Comparison of cyclists' and motorists' utilitarian physical activity at an urban university(2008) Sisson, Susan B.; Tudor-Locke, CatrineObjective. Preliminary comparison of cyclists and motorists on: (1) distance lived from campus and, (2) the impact of transportation mode on physical activity. Methods. A purposive sample of students (n=50; cyclists=26, motorists=24) living b5 miles from Arizona State University campus wore an accelerometer and completed a travel log for two on-campus days during fall 2005–spring 2006. Residence distance to campus was calculated by geocoded addresses (n=45; cyclists=23 vs. motorists=22). Final outcome variables were: distance lived from campus, accelerometer time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, steps/day, total time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (logged minutes cycling+accelerometerderived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), and minutes total active commuting (logged walking+cycling). Results. Groups were significantly different for: distance lived from campus (cyclists=0.6±0.6 vs. motorists=2.0±1.1 miles; pb0.000); steps/ day (cyclists=11,051±4295 vs. motorists=9174±3319; p=0.046); total time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (cyclists=85.7±37.0 vs. motorists=50.3±23.8 minutes; pb0.001); minutes in motorized transport (cyclists=24.9±27.5 vs. motorists=61.6±32.9; pb0.001); and total active transport (cyclists=59.4± 32.4 vs. motorists=29.5±20.0; pb0.001). Conclusion. Among students living within 5 miles of campus, cyclists lived relatively closer to campus, accumulated more minutes of physical activity, and spent more time in active transportation than students who used motorized means.Item Promoting transportation cycling for women: The role of bicycle infrastructure(2008) Garrard, Jan; Rose, Geoffrey; Lo, Sing KaiObjective. Females are substantially less likely than males to cycle for transport in countries with low bicycle transport mode share. We investigated whether female commuter cyclists were more likely to use bicycle routes that provide separation from motor vehicle traffic. Methods. Census of cyclists observed at 15 locations (including off-road bicycle paths, on-road lanes and roads with no bicycle facilities) within a 7.4 km radius of the central business district (CBD) of Melbourne, Australia, during peak commuting times in February 2004. Results. 6589 cyclists were observed, comprising 5229 males (79.4%) and 1360 females (20.6%). After adjustment for distance of the bicycle facility from the CBD, females showed a preference for using off-road paths rather than roads with no bicycle facilities (odds ratio [OR]=1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12, 1.83), or roads with on-road bicycle lanes (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.75). Conclusions. Consistent with gender differences in risk aversion, female commuter cyclists preferred to use routes with maximum separation from motorized traffic. Improved cycling infrastructure in the form of bicycle paths and lanes that provide a high degree of separation from motor traffic is likely to be important for increasing transportation cycling amongst under-represented population groups such as women.Item Trends in Australian children traveling to school 1971–2003: Burning petrol or carbohydrates?(2008) van der Ploeg, Hidde P.; Merom, Dafna; Corpuz, Grace; Bauman, Adrian E.Objective. To determine how Australian children traveled to and from school between 1971 and 2003. Methods. The 1971 (n=4284), 1981 (n=4936), 1991 (n=662) and 1999–2003 (n=816) Household Travel Surveys from the New South Wales Government Department of Planning were used to determine the mode of transport kids (5–14 years) took to and from school in the area of Sydney (Australia). Results. The results showed that the percentage of children aged 5–9 that walked to school was 57.7, 44.5, 35.3 and 25.5 in 1971, 1981, 1991 and 1999–2003, respectively. The percentage of children aged 5–9 that were driven to school by car in the four surveys was 22.8, 37.3, 53.9 and 66.6, respectively. The results for children aged 10–14 were similar, walking decreased from 44.2% to 21.1% and car use increased from 12.2% to 47.8% over the study period. Similar results were found for travel from school and there were no major differences between boys and girls. Conclusion. Between 1971 and 2003, Australian children's mode of travel to and from school has markedly shifted from active (walking) to inactive (car) modes.Item The relationship between destination proximity, destination mix and physical activity behaviors(2008) McCormack, Gavin R.; Giles-Corti, Billie; Bulsara, MaxBackground. The presence and mix of destinations is an important aspect of the built environment that may encourage or discourage physical activity. This study examined the association between the proximity and mix of neighbourhood destinations and physical activity. Methods. Secondary analysis was undertaken on physical activity data from Western Australian adults (n=1394). These data were linked with geographical information systems (GIS) data including the presence and the mix of destinations located within 400 and 1500 m from respondents' homes. Associations with walking for transport and recreation and vigorous physical activity were examined. Results. Access to post boxes, bus stops, convenience stores, newsagencies, shopping malls, and transit stations within 400 m (OR 1.63–5.00) and schools, transit stations, newsagencies, convenience stores and shopping malls within 1500 m (OR 1.75–2.38) was associated with participation in regular transport-related walking. A dose–response relationship between the mix of destinations and walking for transport was also found. Each additional destination within 400 and 1500 m resulted in an additional 12 and 11 min/fortnight spent walking for transport, respectively. Conclusion. Proximity and mix of destinations appears strongly associated with walking for transport, but not walking for recreation or vigorous activity. Increasing the diversity of destinations may contribute to adults doing more transport-related walking and achieving recommended levels of physical activity.Item Effects of Exercise on Total and Intra-abdominal Body Fat in Postmenopausal Women(2003) Irwin, Melinda L.; Yasui, Yutaka; Ulrich, Cornelia M.; Bowen, Deborah; Rudolph, Rebecca E.; Schwartz, Robert S.; Yukawa, Michi; Aiello, Erin; Potter, John D.; McTiernan, AnneContext The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major public health concern. Physical activity may promote weight and body fat loss. Objective To examine the effects of exercise on total and intra-abdominal body fat overall and by level of exercise. Design Randomized controlled trial conducted from 1997 to 2001. Setting and Participants A total of 173 sedentary, overweight (body mass index 24.0 and >33% body fat), postmenopausal women aged 50 to 75 years who were living in the Seattle, Wash, area. Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention consisting of exercise facility and home-based moderate-intensity exercise (n = 87) or a stretching control group (n = 86). Main Outcome Measure Changes in body weight and waist and hip circumferences at 3 and 12 months; total body, intra-abdominal, and subcutaneous abdominal fat at 12 months. Results Twelve-month data were available for 168 women. Women in the exercise group participated in moderate-intensity sports/recreational activity for a mean (SD) of 3.5 (1.2) d/wk for 176 (91) min/wk. Walking was the most frequently reported activity. Exercisers showed statistically significant differences from controls in baseline to 12-month changes in body weight (–1.4 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], –2.5 to –0.3 kg), total body fat (–1.0%; 95% CI, –1.6% to –0.4%), intra-abdominal fat (–8.6 g/cm2; 95% CI, –17.8 to 0.9 g/cm2), and subcutaneous abdominal fat (–28.8 g/cm2; 95% CI, –47.5 to –10.0 g/cm2). A significant dose response for greater body fat loss was observed with increasing duration of exercise. Conclusions Regular exercise such as brisk walking results in reduced body weight and body fat among overweight and obese postmenopausal women.Item Focus Group Data Pertinent to the Prevention of Obesity in African Americans(2001) Dietz, WilliamThe increased prevalence of obesity among African-American women makes it likely that they bear a disproportionate burden of comorbidities attributable to obesity, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipemia. These observations suggest that intensive efforts to prevent obesity should be directed at this group. This presentation provides a summary of the findings of focus groups that convened prior to the Sisters Together, Move More, Eat Better campaign in Boston. This pilot campaign was designed to increase awareness of the importance of healthy eating and physical activity among young adult African-American women. In addition, data collected by the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide additional information about attitudes toward diet and physical activity among African American youth. Such data are essential to understand the attitudinal changes necessary to prevent obesity in these vulnerable populations.