Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769
Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.
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Item Charting the Course(National Institute of Health - Office of Disease Prevention, 2014) UNSPECIFIEDItem The CTSA Program at NIH: Opportunities for Advancing Clinical and Translational Research(2013) Leshner, A. I.; Terry , S. F.; Schultz, A. M.; Liverman, C. T.Item Item NIH Uncovers Racial Disparity in Grant Awards(2011) Kaiser, J.An in-depth analysis of grant data from the U.S. National Institutes of Health on page 1015 of this week's issue of Science finds that black Ph.D. scientists—and not other minorities—were far less likely to receive NIH funding than a white scientist from a similar institution with the same research record. A black scientist's chance of winning NIH funding was 10 percentage points lower than that of a white scientist. The NIH-commissioned analysis, which lifts the lid on confidential grant data, may reflect a series of slight advantages white scientists accumulate over the course of a career, the authors suggest. But the gap could also result from "insidious" bias favoring whites in a peer-review system that supposedly ranks applications only on scientific merit, NIH officials say. The findings have shaken NIH. Director Francis Collins and Deputy Director Lawrence Tabak have co-authored a response on page 940.Item Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards(2011) Ginther, D. K.; Schaffer, W. T.; Schnell, J.; Masimore, B.; Liu, F.; Haak, L. L.; Kington, R.We investigated the association between a U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 applicant’s self-identified race or ethnicity and the probability of receiving an award by using data from the NIH IMPAC II grant database, the Thomson Reuters Web of Science, and other sources. Although proposals with strong priority scores were equally likely to be funded regardless of race, we find that Asians are 4 percentage points and black or African-American applicants are 13 percentage points less likely to receive NIH investigator-initiated research funding compared with whites. After controlling for the applicant’s educational background, country of origin, training, previous research awards, publication record, and employer characteristics, we find that black applicants remain 10 percentage points less likely than whites to be awarded NIH research funding. Our results suggest some leverage points for policy intervention.Item Weaving a Richer Tapestry in Biomedical Science(2011) Tabak, L. A.; Collins, F. S.As much as the U.S. scientific community may wish to view itself as a single garment of many diverse and colorful threads, an unflinching consideration of actual data reminds us that our nation's biomedical research workforce remains nowhere near as rich as it could be. An analysis, performed by a team of researchers primarily supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and published in this issue of Science, reveals that from 2000 to 2006, black (1) grant applicants were significantly less likely to receive NIH research funding than were white applicants. The gap in success rates amounted to 10 percentage points, even after controlling for education, country of origin, training, employer characteristics, previous research awards, and publication record (2). Their analysis also showed a gap of 4.2 percentage points for Asians; however, the differences between Asian and white award probabilities were explained by exclusion of noncitizens from the analysis.Item Approaching Health Disparities From a Population Perspective: The National Institutes of Health Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities(2008) Warnecke, R. B.; Oh, A.; Breen, N.; Gehlert, S.; Paskett, E.; Tucker, K. L.; Lurie, N.; Rebbeck, T.; Goodwin, J.; Flack, J.; Srinivasan, S.; Kerner, J.; Heurtin-Roberts, S.; Abeles, R.; Tyson, F. L.; Patmios, G.; Hiatt, R. A.Addressing health disparities has been a national challenge for decades. The National Institutes of Health-sponsored Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities are the first federal initiative to support transdisciplinary multilevel research on the determinants of health disparities. Their novel research approach combines population, clinical, and basic science to elucidate the complex determinants of health disparities. The centers are partnering with community-based, public, and quasi-public organizations to disseminate scientific findings and guide clinical practice in communities. In turn, communities and public health agents are shaping the research. The relationships forged through these complex collaborations increase the likelihood that the centers' scientific findings will be relevant to communities and contribute to reductions in health disparities.Item The Skinny on Success: Body Mass, Gender and Occupational Standing Across the Life Course(2010) Glass, Christy M.; Haas, Steven A.; Reither, Eric N.Several studies have analyzed the impact of obesity on occupational standing. This study extends previous research by estimating the influence of body mass on occupational attainment over three decades of the career using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. In a series of covariance structure analyses, we considered three mechanisms that may alter the career trajectories of heavy individuals: (1. employment-based discrimination, (2. educational attainment, and (3. marriage market processes. Unlike previous studies, we found limited evidence that employment-based discrimination impaired the career trajectories of either men or women. Instead, we found that heavy women received less post-secondary schooling than their thinner peers, which in turn adversely affected their occupational standing at each point in their careers.Item Normal Human Aging: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging(NIH Publication, 1984) Shock, Nathan W.; Greulich, Richard C.; Costa, Paul T, Jr.; Andres, Reubin; Lakatta, Edward G.; Arenberg, David; Tobin, Jordan D.Normal Human Aging is an overview of the first 23 years of research findings about the natural course of human aging. The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging was started in 1958 to "trace the effects of aging in humans." The BLSA recruited men aged 17 to 96 and women beginning in 1978 to participate in repeated assessments of health and physical and psychological performance. Visits were every two years over 2 1/2 days.