Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769
Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.
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Item Sex and Ethnic Differences in Validity of Self-reported Adult Height, Weight and Body Mass Index(2012) Wen, Ming; Kowaleski-Jones, LoriAbstract available at publisher's website.Item Race and preterm birth--the case for epigenetic inquiry.(2010) Burris, Heather H; Collins, James WPreterm birth and infant mortality disproportionately affect African American families compared to White families. More than 18% of African American infants are born preterm (< 37 weeks' gestation) compared to just less than 12% of White infants. Consequently, African American infants are twice as likely to die in their first year of life as White infants. Differences in socioeconomic status, prenatal care usage, and behavioral characteristics fail to explain the disparity in preterm birth between African Americans and Whites. Epidemiologic data support a life-course conceptual model for African American women's pregnancy disadvantage. Life-course factors influence pregnancy outcomes through two proposed mechanisms: early-life (fetal) programming of reproductive potential and cumulative wear and tear (weathering). The biologic mechanisms behind this theory are poorly understood. In this commentary, we argue that epigenetic inquiry represents the next frontier in investigating the mechanisms underlying racial disparities in birth outcome. We propose this with the hope that these discoveries will lead to opportunities for interventions and ultimate improvements in birth outcomes.Item Ethnicity- and socio-economic status-related stresses in context: an integrative review and conceptual model(2009) Myers, Hector F.Abstract available at publisher's website.Item Race, racism and health: disparities, mechanisms, and interventions(2009) Brondolo, Elizabeth; Gallo, Linda C.; Myers, Hector F.Abstract available at publisher's website.Item Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research(2009) Williams, David R.; Mohammed, Selina A.Abstract available at publisher's website.Item RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH: How Much Does Stress Really Matter?(2011) Sternthal, Michelle J.; Slopen, Natalie; Williams, David R.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Stress-related racial discrimination and hypertension likelihood in a population-based sample of African Americans: the Metro Atlanta Heart Disease Study.(2005) Davis, Sharon K; Liu, Yong; Quarells, Rakale Collins; Din-Dzietharn, RebeccaExposure to racial discrimination is a prevalent psychosocial stressor in African Americans but may not be significantly associated with hypertension prevalence; degree of stress derived from encounters may be an important determinant. More research is needed to clarify the complex relationship between stress-related racial discrimination and hypertension in African Americans.Item Special considerations on the management of Latino patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(2011) Gonzalez, Amparo B.; Salas, Daniela; Umpierrez, Guillermo E.Abstract available at publisher's website.Item Factors influencing the effectiveness of interventions to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health care.(2010) Jones, Rhys G; Trivedi, Amal N; Ayanian, John ZReducing racial and ethnic disparities in health care has become an important policy goal in the United States and other countries, but evidence to inform interventions to address disparities is limited. The objective of this study was to identify important dimensions of interventions to reduce health care disparities. We used qualitative research methods to examine interventions aimed at improving diabetes and/or cardiovascular care for patients from racial and ethnic minority groups within five health care organizations. We interviewed 36 key informants and conducted a thematic analysis to identify important features of these interventions. Key elements of interventions included two contextual factors (external accountability and alignment of incentives to reduce disparities) and four factors related to the organization or intervention itself (organizational commitment, population health focus, use of data to inform solutions, and a comprehensive approach to quality). Consideration of these elements could improve the design, implementation, and evaluation of future interventions to address racial and ethnic disparities in health care.Item RACE/ETHNICITY AND U.S. ADULT MORTALITY: Progress, Prospects, and New Analyses(2011) Hummer, Robert A.; Chinn, Juanita J.Although there have been significant decreases in U.S. mortality rates, racial/ethnic disparities persist. The goals of this study are to: (1) elucidate a conceptual framework for the study of racial/ethnic differences in U.S. adult mortality, (2) estimate current racial/ethnic differences in adult mortality, (3) examine empirically the extent to which measures of socioeconomic status and other risk factors impact the mortality differences across groups, and (4) utilize findings to inform the policy community with regard to eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in mortality. Relative Black-White differences are modestly narrower when compared to a decade or so ago, but remain very wide. The majority of the Black-White adult mortality gap can be accounted for by measures of socioeconomic resources that reflect the historical and continuing significance of racial socioeconomic stratification. Further, when controlling for socioeconomic resources, MexicanAmericans and Mexican immigrants exhibit significantly lower mortality risk than non-Hispanic Whites. Without aggressive efforts to create equality in socioeconomic and social resources, Black-White disparities in mortality will remain wide, and mortality among the Mexican-origin population will remain higher than what would be the case if that population achieved socioeconomic equality with Whites.