Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769
Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.
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Item Chairwoman DeLauro Opening Remarks for House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Hearing on The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Response to the Coronavirus(United States House of Representatives, 2020-06-04) United States House of RepresentativesChairwoman DeLauro shares the transcript of her opening remarks for House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Hearing on The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Response to the Covid-19 pandemic.Item Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2012(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013) UNSPECIFIEDItem Cancer Screening — United States, 2010(2012) Klabunde, Carrie N.; Brown, Martin; Ballard-Barbash, Rachel; White, Mary C.; Thompson, Trevor; Plescia, Marcus; King, Sallyann ColemanEach year, approximately 350,000 persons are diagnosed with breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer in the United States, and nearly 100,000 die from these diseases (1). The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening tests for each of these cancers to reduce morbidity and mortality (2). Healthy People 2020 sets national objectives for use of the recommended cancer screening tests and identifies the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) as the means to measure progress. Data from the 2010 NHIS were analyzed to assess use of the recommended tests by age, race, ethnicity, education, length of U.S. residence, and source and financing of health care to identify groups not receiving the full benefits of screening and to target specific interventions to increase screening rates. Overall, the breast cancer screening rate was 72.4% (below the Healthy People 2020 target of 81.1%), cervical cancer screening was 83.0% (below the target of 93.0%), and colorectal cancer screening was 58.6% (below the target of 70.5%). Screening rates for all three cancer screening tests were significantly lower among Asians than among whites and blacks. Hispanics were less likely to be screened for cervical and colorectal cancer. Higher screening rates were positively associated with education, availability and use of health care, and length of U.S. residence. Continued monitoring of screening rates helps to assess progress toward meeting Healthy People 2020 targets and to develop strategies to reach those targets.Item A health disparities perspective on obesity research.(2009) Braveman, PaulaObesity is a major risk factor for chronic disease and can decrease longevity, quality of life, and economic productivity. Compelling ethical, human rights, and practical reasons exist for addressing social disparities in obesity, which requires systematically applying a disparities perspective to obesity research and relevant policy. A disparities perspective guides us to consider multiple dimensions and levels of social advantage and disadvantage and how those advantages and disadvantages produce disparities in obesity and its consequences.Item Obesity in K–8 Students — New York City, 2006–07 to 2010–11 School Years(2011) Centers for Disease, Control and PreventionOverweight and obese children are more likely to develop risk factors that can lead to respiratory, metabolic, and cardio¬vascular illness (1–3). The increase in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the United States since the 1960s has been well documented (4). In New York City, in 1996, an estimated 19.7% of third grade children and 21.2% of sixth grade children in public and private schools were found to be overweight (5); in 2003, an estimated 43% of the city’s public elementary school students were found to be overweight, and 24% of these students were obese (6). To update…Item Healthy People 2010 Final Review(2011) Hines, Rebecca; Dobrzynski, Lesley; Huang, David; Pearcy, Jeff; Rose, Cheryl; Rosendorf, Kimberly; Talih, MakramThe Healthy People 2010 Final Review presents a quantitative end-of-decade assessment of progress in achieving the Healthy People 2010 objectives and goals over the course of the decade. This report was compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with considerable input from the Department of Health and Human Service’s lead agencies for the Healthy People initiative. The Healthy People Federal Interagency Workgroup and the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion served in a review capacity. The Healthy People 2010 Final Review continues the series of profiles of the Nation’s health objectives …Item Racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of diabetes care in a nationally representative sample.(2011) Richard, Patrick; Alexandre, Pierre Kébreau; Lara, Anthony; Akamigbo, Adaeze BAlthough the link between racial/ethnic minority status and the quality of care for patients with diabetes is not completely understood, our results suggest that factors such as SES, health insurance status, self-rated health status, and other health conditions are potential antecedents of quality of diabetes care.Item Church-based breast cancer screening education: impact of two approaches on Latinas enrolled in public and private health insurance plans.(2007) Sauaia, Angela; Min, Sung-joon; Lack, David; Apodaca, Cecilia; Osuna, Diego; Stowe, Angela; MGinnis, Gretchen F; Latts, Lisa M; Byers, TimIntroduction The Tepeyac Project is a church-based health promotion project that was conducted from 1999 through 2005 to increase breast cancer screening rates among Latinas in Colorado. Previous reports evaluated the project among Medicare and Medicaid enrollees in the state. In this report, we evaluate the program among enrollees in the state's five major insurance plans. Methods We compared the Tepeyac Project's two interventions: the Printed Intervention and the Promotora Intervention. In the first, we mailed culturally tailored education packages to 209 Colorado Catholic churches for their use. In the second, promotoras (peer counselors) in four Catholic churches delivered breast-health education messages personally. We compared biennial mammogram claims from the five insurance plans in the analysis at baseline (1998–1999) and during follow-up (2000–2001) for Latinas who had received the interventions. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis to adjust rates for confounders. Results The mammogram rate for Latinas in the Printed Intervention remained the same from baseline to follow-up (58% [2979/5130] vs 58% [3338/5708]). In the Promotora Intervention, the rate was 59% (316/536) at baseline and 61% (359/590) at follow-up. Rates increased modestly over time and varied widely by insurance type. After adjusting for age, income, urban versus rural location, disability, and insurance type, we found that women exposed to the Promotora Intervention had a significantly higher increase in biennial mammograms than did women exposed to the Printed Intervention (GEE parameter estimate = .24 [±.11], P = .03). Conclusion For insured Latinas, personally delivering church-based education through peer counselors appears to be a better breast-health promotion method than mailing printed educational materials to churches.Item The effect of two church-based interventions on breast cancer screening rates among Medicaid-insured Latinas.(2005) Welsh, Adrienne L; Sauaia, Angela; Jacobellis, Jillian; Min, Sung-joon; Byers, TimNTRODUCTION: Latinas face disparities in cancer screening rates compared with non-Latina whites. The Tepeyac Project aims to reduce these disparities by using a church-based approach to increase breast cancer screening among Latinas in Colorado. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two Tepeyac Project interventions on the mammogram rates of Latinas and non-Latina whites enrolled in the Medicaid fee-for-service program. METHODS: Two intervention groups were compared: 209 churches in Colorado that received educational printed materials in Spanish and English (the printed statewide intervention) and four churches in the Denver area that received personalized education from promotoras, or peer counselors (the promotora intervention), in addition to the printed statewide intervention. Biennial Medicaid mammogram claim rates in Colorado before the interventions (1998-1999) and after (2000-2001) were used to compare the effect of the interventions on mammogram use among Latinas and non-Latina whites aged 50 to 64 years who were enrolled in the Medicaid fee-for-service program. Adjusted rates were computed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Small, nonsignificant increases in screening were observed among Latinas exposed to the promotora intervention (from 25% at baseline to 30% at follow-up [P = .30]) as compared with 45% at baseline and 43% at follow-up for the printed statewide intervention (P = .27). Screening among non-Latina whites increased by 6% in the promotora intervention area (from 32% at baseline to 38% at follow-up [P = .40]) and by 3% in the printed statewide intervention (from 41% at baseline to 44% at follow-up [P = .02]). No significant disparities in breast cancer screening were detected between Latinas and non-Latina whites. After adjustment for the confounders by generalized estimating equations, the promotora intervention had a marginally greater impact than the printed statewide intervention in increasing mammogram use among Latinas (generalized estimating equation, P = .07). CONCLUSION: A personalized community-based education was only modestly effective in increasing breast cancer screening among Medicaid-insured Latinas. Education alone may not be the answer for this population. The barriers for these Medicaid enrollees must be investigated so that interventions can be tailored to address their needs.Item Price, availability, and youth obesity: evidence from Bridging the Gap.(2009) Chaloupka, Frank J; Powell, Lisa MAfter a decade of analyzing environmental influences on substance use and its consequences among youth in the United States, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Bridging the Gap program has begun studying the effect of environmental factors on youth physical activity, diet, and weight outcomes. Much of this research has focused on access to food, as reflected by availability and price. Program researchers have documented disparities in access to healthy foods and opportunities for physical activity; healthier food outlets and opportunities for physical activity are relatively less available in communities with lower income and larger proportions of racial/ethnic minority populations. They also have found that healthier environments are associated with more fruit and vegetable consumption, more physical activity, lower body mass index, and reduced likelihood of obesity among youth.