Browsing by Author "Marmot, M. G."
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Item Social determinants of health: the solid facts(World Health Organization, 2003) Wilkinson, Richard G.; Marmot, M. G.Poorer people live shorter lives and are more often ill than the rich. This disparity has drawn attention to the remarkable sensitivity of health to the social environment. This publication examines this social gradient in health, and explains how psychological and social influences affect physical health and longevity. It then looks at what is known about the most important social determinants of health today, and the role that public policy can play in shaping a social environment that is more conducive to better health. This second edition relies on the most up-to-date sources in its selection and description of the main social determinants of health in our society today. Key research sources are given for each: stress, early life, social exclusion, working conditions, unemployment, social support, addiction, healthy food and transport policy. Policy and action for health need to address the social determinants of health, attacking the causes of ill health before they can lead to problems. This is a challenging task for both decision-makers and public health actors and advocates. This publication provides the facts and the policy options that will enable them to act.Item Using Conditionality as a Solution to the Problem of Low Uptake of Essential Services Among Disadvantaged Communities: A Social Determinants View(2011) Forde, I.; Bell, R.; Marmot, M. G.Conditional cash transfer schemes, which use cash to incentivize uptake of basic health and educational services, are well established among social planners in low and middle-income countries and are now taking hold in high-income countries. We appraised these schemes within a social determinants framework and found some encouraging signs in their first decade of operation. Success, however, has been inconsistent, and it is unclear whether conditional cash transfer schemes can reliably secure meaningful improvements in participants' health and nutritional status or educational attainment. Conditional cash transfer schemes' objectives will not be met unless they are transformed in 3 ways: transferring power as well as resources, emphasizing entitlements alongside conditionality, and avoiding the trap of incoherent or residualized policy. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 16, 2011: e1-e5. doi:10. 2105/AJPH.2011.300140).