School of Public Health

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/1633

The collections in this community comprise faculty research works, as well as graduate theses and dissertations.

Note: Prior to July 1, 2007, the School of Public Health was named the College of Health & Human Performance.

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Subject: search.filters.subject.chronic conditions

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    Google Street View-Derived Neighborhood Characteristics in California Associated with Coronary Heart Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes
    (MDPI, 2021-10-03) Nguyen, Thu T.; Nguyen, Quynh C.; Rubinsky, Anna D.; Tasdizen, Tolga; Deligani, Amir Hossein Nazem; Dwivedi, Pallavi; Whitaker, Ross; Fields, Jessica D.; DeRouen, Mindy C.; Mane, Heran; Lyles, Courtney R.; Brunisholz, Kim D.; Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten
    Characteristics of the neighborhood built environment influence health and health behavior. Google Street View (GSV) images may facilitate measures of the neighborhood environment that are meaningful, practical, and adaptable to any geographic boundary. We used GSV images and computer vision to characterize neighborhood environments (green streets, visible utility wires, and dilapidated buildings) and examined cross-sectional associations with chronic health outcomes among patients from the University of California, San Francisco Health system with outpatient visits from 2015 to 2017. Logistic regression models were adjusted for patient age, sex, marital status, race/ethnicity, insurance status, English as preferred language, assignment of a primary care provider, and neighborhood socioeconomic status of the census tract in which the patient resided. Among 214,163 patients residing in California, those living in communities in the highest tertile of green streets had 16–29% lower prevalence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes compared to those living in communities in the lowest tertile. Conversely, a higher presence of visible utility wires overhead was associated with 10–26% more coronary artery disease and hypertension, and a higher presence of dilapidated buildings was associated with 12–20% greater prevalence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes. GSV images and computer vision models can be used to understand contextual factors influencing patient health outcomes and inform structural and place-based interventions to promote population health.
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    Independent and joint effects of parental attitudes and special health care needs on physical activity and screen time among chlldren and adolescents in the United States
    (2012) Gingold, Janet Ann; Carter-Pokras, Olivia; Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Sedentary lifestyles pose a threat to the health of children, especially those with special health care needs (SHCN). Using data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, this study examined relationships between parental attitudes and low physical activity and high screen time among 6- to 17-year-olds with and without SHCN. Perceived limitation was associated with increased likelihood of low physical activity (AOR, 1.339; 95%CI, 1.079-1.662). Parenting stress (AOR, 1.189; 95%CI, 1.052-1.344) and lack of trust (AOR, 1.243; 95%CI, 1.104-1.399) were associated with increased likelihood of high screen time. Perceived limitation modified the effect of special health care needs status on high screen time. The likelihood of combined low physical activity and high screen time was greatest among children with SHCN whose parents reported both functional limitations in the child and parenting stress (AOR, 2.659; 95%CI, 1.741-4.060). Parental attitudes and SHCN should be addressed in interventions to promote active lifestyles.