Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
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Item Lack of Hispanics' Involvement in Research - Is It Hispanics or Scientists?(1998) Duran, Deborah GuadalupeAbstract available at publisher's web site.Item Participation of Minorities in Cancer Research(2000) Giuliano, Anna R.; Mokuau, Noreen; Hughes, Claire; Tortolero-Luna, Guillermo; Risendal, Betsy; Ho, Reginald C.S.; Prewitt, Theresa Elaine; Mccaskill-Stevens, Worta J.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item The New York City Community Outreach Study: biomedical and mental health status among a community sample of urban Hispanics.(2007) Vaughan, Roger; Cushman, Linda F; Nye, AndreaThough site specific, these data provide critical information to local CBOs and can be used as a tool for comparison with national data and Healthy People 2010 goals.Item Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Medical and Dental Health, Access to Care, and Use of Services in US Children(2008) Flores, G.; Tomany-Korman, S. C.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Even a little too much ‘sugar’ in your blood is bad(2011) Wilkins, Consuelo H.I always look forward to attending the National Medical Association’s annual convention and this year was no exception. The theme for this year’s convention, ‘Health Equity: Lead, Reform, Deliver’, is very timely as we try to address health disparities with the era of health care reform.Item Emerging Issues in Hispanic Health: Summary of a Workshop(National Academies Press, 2002) Iannotta, Joah G.According to data from the 2000 census, Hispanics—to the extent that they can be considered a discrete and identifiable segment of American society—are now the largest minority in the United States, composing 12.5 percent of the population (Bureau of the Census, 2000). By 2050, Hispanics are expected to constitute 25 percent of the U.S. population (Day, 1996). Hispanic communities are no longer found in only a limited number of cities in the West, although the largest communities—as measured by census tracts in which Hispanics represent 60 to 80 percent of the population—are in the Southwest and West. Nevertheless, small but vibrant communities can be found in almost all major U.S. cities. That Hispanics make up a significant—and growing—segment of the American population and can be found in cities across the country means that issues affecting Hispanic Americans, their families, and their communities are of local, regional, and national significance.Item Ethnic disparities in unmet need for alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental health care.(2001) Wells, K; Klap, R; Koike, A; Sherbourne, COBJECTIVE: Recent policy has focused on documenting and reducing ethnic disparities in availability and quality of health care. The authors examined differences by ethnic status in unmet need for alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental health treatment. METHOD: Data were from a follow-up survey of adult respondents to a 1996-1997 national survey. Non-Hispanic whites, African Americans, and Hispanics were compared in access to alcoholism and drug abuse treatment and mental health care (primary or specialty), unmet need for care, satisfaction with care, and use of active treatment for alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental health problems in the prior 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 31.9% of whites, 28.1% of African Americans, and 30.1% of Hispanics had some alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental health care, mostly in primary care. Among those with perceived need, compared to whites, African Americans were more likely to have no access to alcoholism, drug abuse, or mental health care (25.4% versus 12.5%), and Hispanics were more likely to have less care than needed or delayed care (22.7% versus 10.7%). Among those with need, whites were more likely than Hispanics or African Americans to be receiving active alcoholism, drug abuse, or mental health treatment (37.6% versus 22.4%-25.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The authors document greater unmet need for alcoholism and drug abuse treatment and mental health care among African American and Hispanics relative to whites. New policies are needed to improve access to and quality of alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental health treatment across diverse populations.Item Race, Ethnicity, and Self-Reported Hypertension: Analysis of Data From the National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2005(2009) Borrell, L. N.OBJECTIVE: I estimated the association between race and self-reported hypertension among Hispanics and non-Hispanics and determined whether this association was stronger among non-Hispanics. METHODS: With data from the 1997-2005 National Health Interview Survey, I used logistic regression to estimate the strength of the association between race/ethnicity and self-reported hypertension among US adults. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 24.5%, with lower prevalence among Hispanics (16.7%) than among non-Hispanics (25.2%; P < .01). Blacks, regardless of ethnicity, had the highest prevalence. Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks had 48% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41, 1.55) greater odds of reporting hypertension; Hispanic Whites had 23% (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.76, 0.88) lower odds. There was no difference in the strength of the association between race and self-reported hypertension observed among non-Hispanics (OR for Blacks = 1.47) and among Hispanics (OR for Blacks = 1.20; for interaction, P = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: The previously reported hypertension advantage of Hispanics holds for Hispanic Whites only. As Hispanics continue their rapid growth in the United States, race may have important implications on their disease burden, because most US health disparities are driven by race and its socially patterned experiences.Item The Effect of Peer-Driven Intervention on Rates of Screening for AIDS Clinical Trials Among African Americans and Hispanics(2011) Gwadz, M. V.; Leonard, N. R.; Cleland, C. M.; Riedel, M.; Banfield, A.; Mildvan, D.OBJECTIVES: We examined the efficacy of a peer-driven intervention to increase rates of screening for AIDS clinical trials among African Americans and Hispanics living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: We used a randomized controlled trial design to examine the efficacy of peer-driven intervention (6 hours of structured sessions and the opportunity to educate 3 peers) compared with a time-matched control intervention. Participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (n = 342; 43.9% female; 64.9% African American, 26.6% Hispanic). Most participants (93.3%) completed intervention sessions and 64.9% recruited or educated peers. Baseline and post-baseline interviews (94.4% completed) were computer-assisted. A mixed model was used to examine intervention effects on screening. RESULTS: Screening was much more likely in the peer-driven intervention than in the control arm (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 55.0; z = 5.49, P < .001); about half of the participants in the intervention arm (46.0%) were screened compared with 1.6% of controls. The experience of recruiting and educating each peer also increased screening odds among those who were themselves recruited and educated by peers (AOR = 1.4; z = 2.06, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Peer-driven intervention was highly efficacious in increasing AIDS clinical trial screening rates among African Americans and Hispanics living with HIV/AIDS.Item HPV knowledge, attitudes, and cultural beliefs among Hispanic men and women living on the Texas-Mexico Border(2009) Fernandez, Maria E.; McCurdy, Sheryl A.; Arvey, Sarah R.; Tyson, Sandra K.; Morales-Campos, Daisy; Flores, Belinda; Useche, Bernardo; Mitchell-Bennett, Lisa; Sanderson, MaureenBackground U.S., Hispanic women have higher cervical cancer incidence rates than non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans and lower rates of cervical cancer screening. Knowledge, attitudes, and cultural beliefs may play a role in higher rates of infection of HPV and decisions about subsequent diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. Study aim To explore the level of HPV knowledge, attitudes, and cultural beliefs among Hispanic men and women on the Texas-Mexico border. Methodological Approach Informed by feminist ethnography, the authors used an interpretive approach to understand local respondents' concerns and interests. Focus group sessions were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Recruitment and sample Promotoras (lay health workers) recruited participants using convenience sampling methods. Group sessions were held in public service centers in Brownsville. Participants' ages ranged from 19 to 76 years. Methods analysis Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed in Spanish. Researchers read and discussed all the transcripts and generated a coding list. Transcripts were coded using ATLAS.ti 5.0. Key findings Participants had little understanding about HPV and its role in the etiology of cervical cancer. Attitudes and concerns differed by gender. Women interpreted a diagnosis of HPV as a diagnosis of cancer and expressed fatalistic beliefs about its treatment. Men initially interpreted a diagnosis of HPV as an indication of their partners' infidelity, but after reflecting upon the ambiguity of HPV transmission, attributed their initial reaction to cultural ideals of machismo. Men ultimately were interested in helping their partners seek care in the event of a positive diagnosis. Implications for practice Results suggest that understanding Hispanics' cultural norms and values concerning disease, sexuality, and gender is essential to the design and implementation of preventive interventions for HPV and cervical cancer.