Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
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Item The Asian American Hepatitis B Program: Building a Coalition to Address Hepatitis B Health Disparities(2011) Trinh-Shevrin, Chau; Pollack, Henry J.; Tsang, Thomas; Park, Jihyun; Ramos, Mary Ruchel; Islam, Nadia; Wang, Su; Chun, Kay; Sim, Shao-Chee; Pong, Perry; Rey, Mariano Jose; Kwon, Simona C.Item Participation of Minorities in Cancer Research(2000) Giuliano, Anna R.; Mokuau, Noreen; Hughes, Claire; Tortolero-Luna, Guillermo; Risendal, Betsy; Ho, Reginald C.S.; Prewitt, Theresa Elaine; Mccaskill-Stevens, Worta J.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Diabetes prevalence and body mass index differ by ethnicity: the Multiethnic Cohort.(2009) Maskarinec, Gertraud; Grandinetti, Andrew; Matsuura, Grace; Sharma, Sangita; Mau, Marjorie; Henderson, Brian E; Kolonel, Laurence NEthnic differences in the prevalence of diabetes persisted after stratification by BMI. The prevalence of diabetes was at least two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among Caucasians.Item Racial and ethnic disparities in self-monitoring of blood glucose among US adults: a qualitative review.(2007) Kirk, Julienne K; Graves, Darby E; Bell, Ronny A; Hildebrandt, Carol A; Narayan, K M VenkatDespite widespread recommendations for self-monitoring of blood glucose, compliance is reported to be low in all groups in the United States, especially among racial/ ethnic minorities.Item Data needed for improving the health of minorities(1993) Feinleib, ManningAbstract available at publisher's web site.Item Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Quit Ratios in Lifetime Smokers Ages 25 to 44 Years(2008) Fu, S. S.; Kodl, M. M.; Joseph, A. M.; Hatsukami, D. K.; Johnson, E. O.; Breslau, N.; Wu, B.; Bierut, L.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Immigration and the health of Asian and Pacific Islander adults in the United States.(2001) Frisbie, W P; Cho, Y; Hummer, R AThe authors used the 1992-1995 National Health Interview Survey to examine the effect of immigrant status (both nativity and duration of residence in the United States) on the health of Asian and Pacific Islander adults by constructing models in which national origin was also specified. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, marital status, living arrangement, family size, and several socioeconomic indicators, immigrants were found to be in better health than their US-born counterparts, but their health advantages consistently decreased with duration of residence. For example, for Asian and Pacific Islander immigrants whose duration of residence was less than 5 years, 5-9 years, and 10 years or more, the odds ratios for activity limitations were 0.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33, 0.62), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.93), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.90), respectively. Similar findings emerged for respondent-reported health and bed days due to illness. These results support the validity and complementarity of the migration selectivity and acculturation hypotheses. However, the picture was not uniformly positive. The health of certain Asian and Pacific Islander groups, notably Pacific Islanders and Vietnamese, was found to be less favorable than average. Finally, after adjustment for health status, immigrants seemed to have less adequate access to formal medical care.Item Racial/ethnic disparities in mortality by stroke subtype in the United States, 1995-1998.(2001) Ayala, C; Greenlund, K J; Croft, J B; Keenan, N L; Donehoo, R S; Giles, W H; Kittner, S J; Marks, J SHealthy People 2010 objectives for improving health include a goal to eliminate racial disparities in stroke mortality. Age-specific death rates by stroke subtype are not well documented among racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States. This report examines mortality rates by race/ethnicity for three stroke subtypes during 1995-1998. National Vital Statistics' death certificate data were used to calculate death rates for ischemic stroke (n = 507,256), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 97,709), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 27,334) among Hispanics, Blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Whites by age and sex. Comparisons with Whites as the referent were made using age-standardized risk ratios and age-specific risk ratios. Age-standardized mortality rates for the three stroke subtypes were higher among Blacks than Whites. Death rates from intracerebral hemorrhage were also higher among Asians/Pacific Islanders than Whites. All minority populations had higher death rates from subarachnoid hemorrhage than did Whites. Among adults aged 25-44 years, Blacks and American Indians/Alaska Natives had higher risk ratios than did Whites for all three stroke subtypes. Increased public health attention is needed to reduce incidence and mortality for stroke, the third leading cause of death. Particular attention should be given to increasing awareness of stroke symptoms among young minority groups.Item Unfair Treatment, Racial/Ethnic Discrimination, Ethnic Identification, and Smoking Among Asian Americans in the National Latino and Asian American Study(2008) Chae, D. H.; Takeuchi, D. T.; Barbeau, E. M.; Bennett, G. G.; Lindsey, J.; Krieger, N.OBJECTIVES: We examined the relations of self-report of general unfair treatment and self-report of race/ethnicity-specific discrimination with current smoking among Asian Americans. We investigated whether ethnic identification moderated either association. METHODS: Weighted logistic regressions were performed among 1977 Asian Americans recruited to the National Latino and Asian American Study (2002-2003). RESULTS: In weighted multivariate logistic regression models including both general unfair treatment and racial/ethnic discrimination, odds of current smoking were higher among Asian Americans who reported high levels of unfair treatment (odds ratio [OR]=2.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13, 6.95) and high levels of racial/ethnic discrimination (OR=2.40; 95% CI=0.94, 6.12) compared with those who reported no unfair treatment and discrimination, respectively. High levels of ethnic identification moderated racial/ethnic discrimination (F(3) =3.25; P =.03). High levels of ethnic identification were associated with lower probability of current smoking among participants reporting high levels of racial/ethnic discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that experiences of unfair treatment and racial/ethnic discrimination are risk factors for smoking among Asian Americans. Efforts to promote ethnic identification may be effective in mitigating the influence of racial/ethnic discrimination on smoking in this population.Item Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Health and Health Care of Children(2010) Flores, G.OBJECTIVE: This technical report reviews and synthesizes the published literature on racial/ethnic disparities in children's health and health care. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted for articles published between 1950 and March 2007. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed, original research articles in English on racial/ethnic disparities in the health and health care of US children. Search terms used included "child," "disparities," and the Index Medicus terms for each racial/ethnic minority group. RESULTS: Of 781 articles initially reviewed, 111 met inclusion criteria and constituted the final database. Review of the literature revealed that racial/ethnic disparities in children's health and health care are quite extensive, pervasive, and persistent. Disparities were noted across the spectrum of health and health care, including in mortality rates, access to care and use of services, prevention and population health, health status, adolescent health, chronic diseases, special health care needs, quality of care, and organ transplantation. Mortality-rate disparities were noted for children in all 4 major US racial/ethnic minority groups, including substantially greater risks than white children of all-cause mortality; death from drowning, from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and after congenital heart defect surgery; and an earlier median age at death for those with Down syndrome and congenital heart defects. Certain methodologic flaws were commonly observed among excluded studies, including failure to evaluate children separately from adults (22%), combining all nonwhite children into 1 group (9%), and failure to provide a white comparison group (8%). Among studies in the final database, 22% did not perform multivariable or stratified analyses to ensure that disparities persisted after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Racial/ethnic disparities in children's health and health care are extensive, pervasive, and persistent, and occur across the spectrum of health and health care. Methodologic flaws were identified in how such disparities are sometimes documented and analyzed. Optimal health and health care for all children will require recognition of disparities as pervasive problems, methodologically sound disparities studies, and rigorous evaluation of disparities interventions.